【摘要】 生态批评是一个内容宽泛的网状或伞状理论体系,核心是对环境的关注和责任感。荒野描写是美国文学中一个极具美国性的命题,是生态批评中环境文学的重要书写形式,其宗旨是回归自然、歌咏自然,多表现以自然为中心的生态诉求与生态伦理观。随着环境危机的恶化,生态批评理论和研究视域也相应拓展,毒物描写进入生态文本与生态批评研究,生态文本从荒野主题延伸到对城市化景观、中毒问题、种族问题、性别问题等题材的关注。毒物描写从反面书写和揭露人为毒物造成的污染对自然与人的破坏,表达对城市环境与环境正义等的焦虑和反思。本文从荒野描写和毒物描写出发切入,梳理美国文学中的荒野描写及其生态意蕴,并借助于文本分析,说明毒物描写是荒野描写的修正与延伸。文章指出,未来的生态理论将以生态整体为中心,融社会性、政治性为一体,成为跨学科的后现代生态批评体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecocriticism,an umbrella term for diverse theories,is committed to protecting environment.Representations of wilderness in American literature play an important eco-critical role in eulogizing nature and promoting a return to nature.As the environmental crisis deepens,toxic discourse challenges traditional understanding of eco-critical writings by including not only the wilderness theme but also the discussion of urban landscape,toxicity,race,gender and so on.This paper explores the eco-critical significance of American representations of wilderness and the toxic discourse in American literature,arguing that ecocriticism will combine ecological,social and political approaches to create an interdisciplinary theoretical system.更多还原