【摘要】 文章对园艺植物多倍体的特点及其应用进行了简介,列出了近三十年成功诱导多倍体的主要观赏植物种类,对观赏植物多倍体诱导中诱变材料和诱变剂种类的选择,主要诱导方法中的化学诱变结合组织培养法、胚乳培养法、原生质体融合法、2n配子法等,主要鉴定方法中的染色体计数法、形态性状和生长发育观察法、生理指标测定法、细胞水平和分子水平分析法等进行了综述和分析,并对多倍体诱导中存在的嵌合体筛选、多倍体低稔性等主要问题进行了讨论,以期为今后观赏植物多倍体育种提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics and utilization of polyploids in ornamental plants were briefly introduced,and the major ornamental plants being polyploid-induced successfully in the past 30 years were listed.The induction materials and the mutagens,the induction methods including chemical induction combined with tissue culture,endosperm culture,protoplast fusion and 2n gamete,the main identification methods including chromosome count,observation of morphologic traits and plant growth and development,determination of physiological indices,and analyses in cytological and molecular levels were summarized and reviewed.The main questions existed in polyploid induction,such as chimera,low fertility and so on,were discussed in order to provide some valuable information for polyploid breeding in future.更多还原