【摘要】 银纳米材料具有许多特异性能,在电学、光学、催化等领域得到了广泛应用,其性能在很大程度上受到形貌、尺度、晶体结构和结晶度等因素的影响,因而研究银纳米材料形貌和尺度的可控制备具有十分重要的意义。从水体系和非水体系两方面综述了液相化学还原法制备银纳米材料的研究工作进展,详细论述了线(棒)形、片(盘)形、立方体形等特异形貌银纳米粒子的制备方法和实验条件;探讨了银纳米材料各向异性形貌的影响因素;提出了不同形貌银纳米晶的形成机理。分析指出晶种的晶型结构尤其是缺陷结构对晶体的最终形貌有很大影响;加入表面修饰剂是防止银纳米颗粒团聚和控制形貌的有效方法。提出了此类研究目前存在的主要问题,展望了其发展方向和趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to their novel properties,anisotropic Ag nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years.It is very important to control the size,shape,and structure of silver nanomaterials due to the strong correlation between the parameters and the optical,electrical,and catalytic properties.The study advances on the preparation of silver nanomaterials using chemical reduction method in aqueous and non-aqueous solution are reviewed,including the synthesis of Ag nanowires,nanodisks and nanocubes,etc.The growth mechanism and influence factors for the formation of anisotropic Ag nanomaterials are concluded.It is found that the formation process is a joint function of internal(crystal texture) and external(reaction parameter) factors.The structures of crystal seeds play an important role on the formation process of anisotropic morphology.The addition of surface modification agent is an effective approach to control the particles morphology and restrain aggregation.At last,the shortages in the liquid phase reduction method to synthesis of Ag anisotropic nanomaterials are analyzed and the developing trends of this field are prospected.更多还原