【摘要】 第二次世界大战结束前后到1949年,美国的杜鲁门政府一面宣称在印度支那问题上保持中立,另一面却大力支持法国重返印度支那。长期以来,由于材料有限,国内学术界对这一时期美国的印度支那政策未能深入探讨。近年来,随着相关重要材料的解密和网络化,深入研究这一问题有了可能。资料显示,罗斯福政府曾提出印度支那战后脱离法国、置于国际托管之下的主张。但出于战后确保欧洲、抗衡苏联以及建立世界霸权的需要,继任的杜鲁门政府却正式承认法国对印度支那的主权,并在军事和财政上支持法国在印度支那重建殖民统治,为法军重返印度支那提供了船只和车辆,准许法国人无代价地使用剩余租借物资,敦促中国国民党受降部队从印度支那撤军。此外,美国政府还支持法国采取"以越制越"的手段,策划"保大方案",扶植保大傀儡政权,以抵消越盟的影响,促使法国在越南的殖民统治合法化。这些做法给法国在印度支那重建殖民统治提供了方便。了解这一时期杜鲁门政府的印度支那政策,有助于加深理解印度支那战争背后的大国因素和两极格局的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the end of WWII to the foundation of the People’s Republic of China,the Truman administration,who claimed to be neutral,actually gave great help to the France’s return to Indochina.Previously,for shortage of files in the domestic academic circle,there had not been a deep research in the US policy for Indochina.In recent year,the networking of the related significant materials and the decryption and proclamation of different data have provided the possibility for probing into the issue.The Roosevelt administration once suggested that the postwar Indochina should get out of the control of France and leave itself to international trusteeship.The Truman administration,however,while taking into account the European control,resisting USSR,and establishing the world hegemony,admitted formally France’s sovereign right to Indochina:They gave it strong financial support and military aids so as to reestablish colonial rule there.They even provided vehicles and ships for the French troops to return,permitted France to use freely the remaining lend-lease materials,and pressed the Chinese Kuomintang troops to withdraw.The US government supported France’s policy of governing Vietnam by Vietnamese in order to offset the influence of the Vietminh and to legalize France’s colonial rule in Vietnam by planning "Bao Dai Solution" to prop up the Bao Dai Puppet regime.To understand the Indochina policy from the Truman administration at that time may help better understand the Indochina War,the effects of big powers on the war,and the war’s strengthening effects on the bipolar system.更多还原