【摘要】 方东树认识到鸦片贸易冲击国内经济基础且使国家岁糜金钱数十百万,致中华民族日益衰弱存有亡国灭种隐患。方氏呼吁禁止鸦片贸易,主张严惩鸦片贩子。方氏分析鸦片战争起因,指出清廷战败乃因洋商污辱自蛊、前督姑息养奸及内地奸民贪利卖国,他批驳投降谬论,主张有原则的议和。面对败局,方氏分析形势,建言献策,宣扬抗英制夷,建议当局访求贤将,避敌炮火,近身巷战;倡议组建民间团练组织杀贼自救;劝谕肆赦汉奸,以重金悬赏其反抢英夷货物、劫杀英人,提高民众反侵略的积极性。方东树的爱国思想具有思想与行为相统一,理性与情感相统一,爱国意志与历史情境相统一,爱国信念与开放思想相统一及爱国精神与内求自强相统一的鲜明特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fang Dong-shu realized that the opium trade shocked domestic economic foundation.The Chinese nation had the risk of been ruined and destroyed.He called for a ban of opium trade,advocated punishing opium monger,and thought that China’s failure in the war was due to foreign merchants’ illegal activities,Chinese officials’ indulgence and lenience and some Chinese seeking petty interest and betrayal.He was against surrender and proposed principled negotiation.Facing the defeat,he analyzed situation and made suggestions of promoting anti-British and recruiting talented officers,avoiding enemy’s gunfire and fighting in nearer streets.He proposed to establish civilian militia to self-help,to transfer traitors to fight against invaders,then to improve the whole nation’s initiative in anti-invasion.Fang’s patriotic thoughts have striking characteristics as unifying thought and action,reason and feeling,patriotic idea and historical context,protriotic belief and open idea,patriotic spirit and domestic self-improving principle.更多还原