【摘要】 目的探讨镉与噪声联合暴露对作业人员听力的影响。方法利用现况调查的方法,选择某冶炼厂精馏车间63名作业人员为镉与噪声联合接触组(联合组),某齿轮厂机加工车间57名作业人员为噪声接触组(噪声组),同一冶炼厂不接触有害因素的行政后勤人员53名为对照组,对3组人员工作场所噪声和镉及其化合物进行检测,对3组人员进行尿镉测定和0.5～6 kHz 6个频段的纯音气导测试,并进行问卷调查。结果各组工作场所噪声强度均未超标,联合组工作场所镉及其化合物浓度超标率为27.8%,联合组尿镉超标率为23.81%,联合组听力损失总检出率为36.7%,明显高于噪声组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各组不同频段听阈均值比较,联合组0.5、1、2、3、4、6 kHz听阈值分别为(23.29±2.79)、(19.63±3.12)、(18.96±3.72)、(24.00±11.79)、(28.58±17.53)、(32.58±19.65)dB(A),均高于噪声组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论镉与噪声职业暴露对听力损失存在协同作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To observe the effect of cadmium and occupational noise on hearing loss. [Methods]The cross-sectional study was applied among 3 groups of workers,including 63 workers exposed to both cadmium and noise in rectification workshop of a smelting plant(combined exposure group),57 workers only exposed to noise in machine shop of a gear factory(noise exposure group) and 53 administrative logistical workers without exposure in the same smelting plant.Noise,cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of 3 groups of workers were detected,as well as urinary cadmium and pure tone hearing threshold at frequency band of 0.5-6 kHz.The questionnaire survey was performed. [Results]The noise intensity of each workplace did not exceed standards.The over standard rate of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of combined exposure group was 27.8%,the over standard rate of urinary cadmium was 23.81%,the total detection rate of hearing loss was 36.7%,obviously higher than noise exposure group and control group,the differences were significant(P<0.01).Comparing the mean of hearing threshold in each group at different frequency band,the threshold of audibility on 0.5,1,2,3,4,6kHz was 23.29±2.79 dB(A),19.63±3.12 dB(A),18.96±3.72 dB(A),24.00±11.79 dB(A),28.58±17.53 dB(A),32.58±19.65dB(A),respectively which were significantly higher than those in combined exposure group and control group(P<0.01). [Conclusion]There is a synergistic effect of cadmium and occupational noise exposure on hearing loss.更多还原