【摘要】 干旱区绿洲城市扩张必然会对原有的水资源格局产生重要影响,并带来一系列与水资源相关的问题。本文利用1978年-2008年间石河子市的社会经济数据、水文和气候数据以及1991年-2008年间环境监测数据等,采用对比分析和趋势分析等方法对其进行综合分析,讨论典型的绿洲城市扩张对水量、水质等产生的影响。结果表明:①石河子市工业和生活用水量持续增高,地下水位不断下降;说明城市扩张消耗了大量的地下水资源,对水资源产生了压力;②石河子市污水排放量在2000年之前呈直线上升,2000年以后随着工业结构逐步调整、人口增加速度放缓等因素,变得比较稳定,但是人口的增加和工业产能的提高使污水排放量仍有一定程度增加;③作为石河子主要纳污水库的蘑菇湖水库,主要污染物量呈上升趋势或维持在高位,污染形势严重。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water was one of the key conditions for oasis development.Urban expansion of oasis cities was an important aspect of oasis processes.Urban sprawl was beneficial in integration and utilization of natural resources in arid areas.The larger the city,the more the requirements for water resources.Some development activities could,therefore,result in serious impacts on regional water resources.In this study,social and economic data from 1978 and environment observation data from the 1990s about Shihezi City were analyzed to examine those influences.Trend analysis,comparative analysis,and other statistical methods were jointly used to derive information contained in the data.We primarily focused on the influence of population growth and industrial development on regional water resources and water environment.First,the urbanization of Shihezi City was analyzed for examining the urbanization rate and characteristics of the urbanization.It was revealed that the urbanization rate was 0.86 in 2008,and the industrial structure was changed from the textile industry and food processing industry to the chemical industry.Then the influence of the urbanization on water resource quantity was analyzed in two aspects,i.e.,the relationship between domestic water and urban population growth,and the relationship between industrial water consumption and industrial expansion.Each of them could be extracted and formulated,from which the total water consumption in the future could be predicted.The influence of the urbanization on water resource quality was also analyzed in two aspects,i.e.,the relationship between domestic sewage emission and urban population growth,and the industrial sewage emission and industrial structure variation.The per capita domestic sewage emission coefficient was found as 245.1 kg/d.The paper industry and chemical industry were considered as the most important sewage emission industry in Shihezi City.While the trade sewage emission intensity was reducing,the total COD emission was still increasing.At last,the relationship between the sewage and the Moguhu reservoir which was the main wastewater storage reservoir of the city were discussed.Result shows that,the urban expanded quickly while the water resources decreased rapidly over the past several decades.The water environmental deterioration surrounding Shihezi City was mainly caused by domestic and industrial sewage.1) The domestic water consumption and industrial water consumption increased continuously.So the groundwater remained declining while the upland water did not decrease.Those phenomena illustrate that the urban expansion has already consumed much of groundwater.It does cause great pressures on water resources.2) The domestic sewage has a linear relationship with the city population before 2000.After the year of 2000,although it remained increasing,the increasing rate became more stable than before.3) As a main wastewater storage reservoir,the Moguhu reservoir was contaminated seriously since the 1990s.The amount of main pollutants still increases or maintains a higher level.Large amount of sewage discharged by the urban expansion resulted in a considerable influence on water quality of the reservoir.更多还原