【摘要】 "迪昂—蒯因"命题、"观察渗透理论"、新旧范式"不可通约"等论题,对"自然科学建立在坚实的实验基础之上"的传统观念构成巨大挑战,科学的合理性成为"问题"。当代新实验主义主要代表人物阿兰.富兰克林从现代物理学实验个案研究出发,提出实验的"关键性"和"说服力"两个概念:面对相竞争的理论假设,实验能够起到关键性的判别作用;面对旧理论的牢固地位,有说服力的实验数据能够改变科学家的信念;实验在现代科学中的基础性地位无可置疑,建立在实验基础之上的现代物理学是合理的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Duhem-Quine thesis,theory-loading of observations and the incommensurability of paradigms launch an attack on the rationality of scientific knowledge.Allan Franklin,a representative figure of New Experimentalism,defended the rationality of science from the case studies of modern physics experimentations.He proposed two concepts: crucial experimentation and convincing experimentation.When encountered competitive hypothesis,crucial experimentation can serve as judgment,while some convincing experimentations can change rapidly a deep-rooted ideal in the scientific communities.Experimentation is the most important basic in modern science,and modern physics which was backed on experimentation is rational.更多还原