【摘要】 目的评价江苏省"十一五"农村改厕工作取得的各项效益。方法抽样选择10个县已改厕的22个村为评估试点,通过现场走访、入户问卷调查、查阅相关资料、粪便样品检测以及环境学指标检测等方法进行评估。结果 10个县22个评估试点村无害化卫生厕所拥有率94.1%,质量符合率达99.1%,户厕完好率97.7%,正常使用率97.3%;血吸虫感染率、肠道寄生虫感染率、肠道传染病发病率比改厕前分别下降100.0%、51.8%和36.7%,相关医药费用下降率82.9%。村容村貌有了根本性改观,村民对改厕满意度高。实验室检测户厕第3格、第4格与第1格相比,粪大肠菌值、CODcr、BOD5及氨氮平均去除率分别为99.9%、69.8%、72.3%、54.8%和100.0%、96.4%、97.7%、90.4%。结论江苏省农村改厕工作在卫生效益、环境效益、社会效益和经济效益方面取得明显成效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate possible benefits of rural latrine improvement under the Eleventh Five-Year Plan in Jiangsu Province.Methods Twenty-two villages in 10 counties(cities,districts) with improved latrines were selected as assessment sites that were assessed through field visits,an in-home questionnaire,reference materials,stool sample testing,and environmental indices.Results Of the 22 assessment sites in 10 counties,94.1% had sanitary latrines,99.1% had consistent quality,97.7% had household latrines in good condition,and 97.3% had latrines that were used regularly.The rates of schistosome and intestinal parasite infection and incidence of intestinal infectious diseases had decreased by 100.0%,51.8%,36.7%,respectively,compared to rates before latrine improvement and related medical costs had decreased by 82.9%.The village appearance had fundamentally changed,and villagers were satisfied with latrine improvement.In laboratory testing,rates of fecal coliform,CODcr,BOD5,and ammonia nitrogen removal were 99.9%,69.8%,72.3%,and 54.8%,in the third and forth stalls of household latrines compared to rates of 100.0%,96.4%,97.7%,and 90.4% in the first stall.Conclusion Rural latrine improvement had significant sanitation,environmental,social,and economic benefits in Jiangsu Province.更多还原