【摘要】 以东北地区近40年生产上应用的18个代表性品种为材料,依据育成年代分为2000年以来、上世纪90年代、80年代和70年代(本文所指70、80、90年代均为20世纪),研究产量及其构成因素、穗部性状和品质的变化特性。结果表明,随着品种改良,产量均呈增加趋势,平均每个年代增长0.841 t/hm2,平均增长率为11.6%,主要是由于总颖花量的增加,其关键在于每穗粒数的增加。随年代演进,结实率逐步提高,近3个年代千粒重差异不显著,但极显著低于70年代。由70年代至90年代,出糙率、精米率和整精米率分别提高1.5%、7.1%、25.9%,而近年来育成的品种出糙率显著下降,精米率和整精米率无显著变化。粒长和长宽比随年代演进呈增加趋势,白度、垩白度、蛋白质含量下降,直链淀粉含量略有增加,食味品质明显改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,18 typical cultivars applied in the production in Northeast area during the last 40 years were used,and classified into four ages of the 2000 s,1990 s,1980 s and 1970 s,according to their application times.All the tested cultivars were grown in the field and the evolution characteristics of grain yield and its components,panicle characters and quality were investigated.Results showed that grain yield was progressively increased with the evolution of the cultivars,average growth 0.841 t/hm2 per decade,the average growth rate of 11.6%.The increasing of grain yield was attributed mainly to the increase of total number of spikelets,which resulted mainly from large panicles.Percentage of filled grains was gradually increased with the evolution of the cultivars.There was no significant difference in 1 000-grain weight among 2000 s,1990 s and 1980 s,but significantly lower than the 1970 s.From the 1970 s to the 1990 s,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate were increased by 1.5%,7.1%更多还原