【摘要】 1954年12月26日-1955年1月18日湖北省遭遇了120年一遇的历史罕见持续低温冰雪灾害。2008年1月13日-2月3日,湖北省再次出现了一次持续低温冰雪过程,严重程度仅次于1954年,为70年一遇。利用常规天气图和数值预报产品资料,应用天气学和波谱分析方法,对比分析了两次过程的环流形势特征及能谱特征。结果表明:两次过程具有基本一致的长波系统背景场、水汽条件、地面冷空气条件;在低温冰雪过程中,850～700hPa存在明显逆温层;中高纬度、中低纬度能量谱强度、输送和转换有明显的变化,并且与天气系统的变化相对应。但是,两次天气过程的表现形式有明显差异,而且前者的主要影响系统,如阻塞高压、低涡、副高和地面冷高压等的强度均明显比后者强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hubei province suffered an unusual continuous freezing-rain and snow disaster in December 26,1954～January 18,1955 which occurred 120 years once.And it occurred again in January 13,2008～February 3,but weak than that in 1954.Its return period is 70 years.Using the synoptic and spectral analysis methods,a comparative analysis on the characteristics of circulation situation and energy spectrum of the two events is made based on the regular synoptic chart and numerical forecasting products.The results show that the two processes are consistent with long-wave system of background field,the water vapor and surface cold air conditions.In the process of freezing weather,there exists an apparent temperature inversion from 850 hPa to 700 hPa.The energy spectrum intensity,transmission and conversion significantly change in the high and low latitudes.The changes correspond with the weather system.However,the main impact of the former system,such as the blocking high,vortex,subtropical high,and surface cold high pressure are obviously higher than the intensity of the latter.更多还原