【摘要】 目的探讨直肠下动脉与直肠系膜的解剖学关系。方法对10具尸体(男性7具,女性3具)的盆腔进行解剖,观察直肠下动脉与直肠系膜的解剖学关系。结果在9例标本中发现直肠下动脉,其中单侧为6例(左侧多于右侧),双侧均存在为3例;共发现直肠下动脉12支,其中10支直肠下动脉起源自阴部内动脉;所有发现的直肠下动脉沿肛提肌表面走行,潜行在膀胱腹下筋膜与盆壁融合的筋膜弓下;6支直肠下动脉在直肠系膜外侧于直肠与肛提肌交界处进入直肠肌层,5支穿过膀胱腹下筋膜脏侧筋膜进入直肠系膜。结论直肠下动脉是较为恒定存在的直肠血供动脉。直肠下动脉进入直肠的方式有两种:一种不经过直肠系膜,在直肠与肛提肌交界处直接进入直肠,一种穿过膀胱腹下筋膜脏面筋膜进入直肠系膜。是否进入直肠系膜,或可作为判断直肠下动脉单、双侧出现的依据。未进入直肠系膜的直肠下动脉,在直肠手术中不会受到损伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the anatomical relationship between the middle rectal artery and the mesorectum. Methods 10 pelvises(7 males and 3 females) harvested from cadavers were studied by dissection. Results The middle rectal artery was present in 9 cases,bilaterally(3 cases) or unilaterally(6 cases) ,originating from the internal pudendal(10/12,83.33%) . 6 middle rectal arteries just run along the surface of the levator ani,and join into the rectum through the muscular at the junction between the levator ani muscle and rectum. Another 5 vessels penetrate the medial visceral fascia of the vesicohypogastric fascia into the mesorectum. Conclusion The middle rectal artery is a more constant present vessel for the rectal blood supply,unilateral ones are more than the bilateral ones. There are two contacting forms between the middle rectal artery and the rectum: One is that the vessel runs into the rectum at the junction between the rectum and the levator ani muscle,another is that the vessel runs into the mesorectum across the fasica. Crossing the mesorectum may be taken as the judge basis for unilateral or bilateral middle rectal artery in pelvis. The middle rectal artery not entering the mesorectum will not be damaged during rectum related operation.更多还原