【摘要】 对青藏铁路格尔木至安多段沿线不同海拔梯度下高寒植被与土壤特征进行研究。沿线高寒植被的主要分布种有91个,主要建群种为:紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)、青藏苔草(Carex moorcroftii Falc)、藏异燕麦(Helicto-trichon tibeticum)、黄芪(Astragalus)、棘豆(Oxytropis)、粗壮嵩草(Kobresia robusta Maximowicz)、矮嵩草(Kobre-sia robusta Maximowicz)等。高寒植被物种数、平均盖度、地下生物量和总生物量与海拔呈正相关性,而平均高度和地上生物量与海拔呈负相关性。沿线高寒植物群落主要可划分为海拔小于4 000m的高寒荒漠植被、海拔4 000～4 500m的高寒河谷灌丛植被、海拔4 500～4 700m的高寒草原植被、海拔4 700～4 800m的高寒垫状植被、海拔4 800～4 900m的高寒草甸植被和海拔5 000m左右的高寒沼泽和高寒流石坡植被。土壤全氮和有机质含量都与海拔高度呈正相关性,但全磷、全钾及pH值则在高海拔地区达到最低。沿线土壤颗粒组成主要以中、细沙(d<0.4mm)为主,占到了总含量的85%以上,因此,中、细沙是构成沿线土壤的最主要颗粒。沿线植被恢复比较有效的方法是选择紫花针茅、垂穗披碱草、燕麦、棘豆、黄芪、蒿草、梭罗草等当地草种,采取原生植物种子异地繁殖,再经沿线播种或栽培抚育,从而达到植被恢复的目的。该研究对青藏铁路沿线的植被恢复与植物防沙工程具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The alpine vegetation and soil characters along the Golmud-Anduo section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were researched based on different quadrads in different altitudes.The main species of alpine vegetation along the railway belong to 91 genus,and the constructive species are Stipa purpurea,Carex moorcroftii Falc,Kobresia robusta Maximowicz and Kobresia robusta Maximowicz.The species number,average coverage,underground biomass and total biomass of alpine vegetation are positively correlated with altitude,but average height and aboveground biomass are negatively correlated with altitude.The alpine vegetation community along the railway can be divided into the alpine desert vegetation at altitude less than 4 000 m,alpine valley shrub vegetation at altitude from 4 000 m to 4 500 m,alpine grassland vegetation at altitude from 4 500 m to 4 700 m,alpine cushion vegetation at altitude from 4 700 m to 4 800 m,alpine meadow vegetation at altitude from 4 800 m to 4 900 m,alpine swamp vegetation and flowstone slop vegetation along altitude 5 000 m.The total nitrogen and organic matter contents in soil are positively correlated with altitude,but total phosphorus,total potassium and pH value are negatively correlated with altitude.The grain constitution of soil along the railway mainly includes the medium sand and fine sand(d<0.4 mm),accounting for more than 85% of the total content,therefore,the medium sand and fine sand are the main component of soil particle along the railway.更多还原