【摘要】 坡向是坡面产流产沙的重要影响因素。以黄土高原岔巴沟流域新庄径流试验场阴坡和阳坡2个径流小区为研究对象,根据发生在阳坡农地和阴坡荒坡地上的11场降雨事件,对阳坡和阴坡上的产流产沙状况进行了对比分析。结果表明:2个径流小区的产流产沙差异显著。阳坡农地由于太阳辐射量和温度高于阴坡,土壤含水量较低,同时表层土壤扰动较阴坡荒坡地大,土壤孔隙度高,使其产流能力小于阴坡;阳坡土质疏松,沙量来源充沛,径流含沙量和侵蚀模数大于阴坡的概率分别在88%和85%以上。降雨强度对阴坡、阳坡产流产沙差异的影响显著,阴坡和阳坡的产流产沙均在0.05的概率水平上受平均降雨强度的显著影响,表现出平均降雨强度越大阴坡、阳坡产流产沙差异越明显的特征,而降雨量对阴坡、阳坡产流产沙差异的影响并不明显,这是黄土高原超渗产流的特征之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Slope exposure is of an important affecting factor of runoff yield and sediment production of slope surface.The paper conducts a comparative analysis on the conditions of runoff yield and sediment production of sunny slope and shady slope based on 11 events of rainfall happened on sunny sloped farmland and shady sloped wasteland,by taking two runoff plots of sunny slope and shady slope in the Xinzhuang Test Site of the Chaba Watershed on the Loess Plateau as an object of study.The outcomes show that the difference of runoff yield and sediment production of the two runoff plots is obvious.Due to the higher solar radiation and temperature of sunny slope,the soil moisture is lower,and surface disturbance is greater,and soil porosity is higher than that of shady sloped,which all make the capacity of runoff yield of sunny slope smaller than that of shady slope.The soil of sunny slope is porous,abundant source of sediment.The probability of sediment concentration and erosion modulus of sunny slope greater than that of shady slope are more than 88% and 85% respectively.The influence of rainfall intensity to the difference of runoff yield and sediment production of sunny slope and shady slope are remarkable.The influence of average rainfall intensity to the runoff yield and sediment production of sunny slope and shady slope at the probability of 0.05 is obviously,which shows that the greater average rainfall intensity,the clearer the difference of runoff yield and sediment production of sunny slope and shady slope will be.While the influence of rainfall to the difference of runoff yield and sediment production of sunny slope and shady slope is not clear.This is one of the characteristics of runoff yield excess of the Loess Plateau.更多还原