【摘要】 本研究采用学习-测试二阶段实验范式,探讨了类别标签及典型性程度对类别特征推理任务的共同影响,结果表明,类别标签及典型性程度都会影响类别特征推理任务,而且,类别标签及典型性程度之间存在交互作用,典型性程度为高条件下类别标签对类别特征推理任务的影响要高于典型性程度为低条件,类别标签匹配条件下典型性程度对类别特征推理任务的影响要高于类别标签不匹配条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Categorization and inference are two important functions of category knowledge.Besides categorization,category-based feature inference is an important application of category knowledge.Previous studies on category were mainly confined to categorization tasks,while studies on cognitive mechanism of the category-based feature inference tasks were very small in number,and the studies on the latter suggested that category label and typical level affected category-based feature inference tasks.Though previous studies on the cognitive mechanism found these two factors had effects on category-based feature inference tasks,they did not explore the interactions between them.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of category label and typical level on category-based feature inference and especially the interaction between them. The experiments used the learning-test two-phase paradigm,the two phases of which are the learning phase and the test phase. 39 participants took part in the experiment.In the learning phase,the subjects learned the information about a kind of insect which included the category label and five typical features of the insect.In the test phase,the subjects were shown 20 test items,the category label and four features of which were known and a feature of which was unknown.The task for the subjects was to infer the unknown feature of each test item according to the information of the given category in the study phase,that is,to estimate the probability that each test item had the typical feature of the given category in the unknown feature dimension.In this study a 2 (matching type of category label:matching and non-matching)×2(typical level:high and low) experimental design were adopted. The results of the experiment showed that:(1) Matching types of category label did affect the category-based feature inference task.The inference score for the test items with matching labels was significantiy higher than the ones with non-matching labels.(2) Typical levels also had effects on the category-based feature inference task.The items with a high typical level got higher scores than the ones with a low typical level.(3) The interaction between matching types of category label and typical levels was significant.The effect of matching types of category labels on the category-based feature inference task in the high typical level condition was stronger than the one in the low typical level condition.Additionally,the effect of typical levels on the category-based feature inference task in the matching category label condition was stronger than the one in the non-matching category label condition. The results from this study showed that both category label and typical level influenced the category-based feature inference task, and more importantly,this study had new findings that there was significant interaction between category label and typical level. Neither of the two factors played roles independently and they had impact on each other.In conclusion the information from two sides was taken into account in making feature inference.更多还原