【摘要】 采用两个艺术创造力测量任务比较了中国留学生、德国大学生和中国国内学生的艺术创造力水平。使用共感评价技术作为评判艺术作品创造程度、技术水平等维度的方法。研究发现:(1)在艺术创造力任务中,中国留学生没有表现出比中国国内学生的优势,说明可能多元文化经验对创造力表达的影响是有条件的;(2)德国学生的艺术创造力水平高于中国学生,本结果支持前人研究中有关个人主义文化相对于集体主义文化更有助于创造力表达的相关假设;(3)共感评价技术是艺术创造力研究的有效工具。更多还原

【Abstract】 Empirical research on the relationship between culture and creativity has thus far yielded no consistent results and exploration about the differences seems to be post-hoc and inconclusive.We propose a creativity-value-oriented theory to explore cultural differences,and argue any of the cultural differences on creativity are cultural value differences,not the results of ethnic and language differences.This study was conducted to compare the artistic creativity of Germans and Chinese.There are two main paradigm shifts in the field of creativity study.Firstly,the shift is from focusing on intelligence and personality of creative individuals to focusing on the social psychology of creativity.Secondly,cross-cultural approach is getting more and more attention.Against this background,the present study explored the effect of multi-cultural experience on the expression of artistic creativity of Chinese oversea students.To be specific,on the one hand,the study aim was to explore to which extent cultural experience might influence people’s artistic creativity.On the other hand,we intended to study if those who have two or more cultural experiences,like oversea Chinese students,are more creative than those who have only one cultural experience. The participants included 45 German students(Federal Republic of Germany citizens) from Free University of Berlin and other German Universities,and 61 Chinese students(People’s Republic of China citizens) from Chinese and German universities.Of the Chinese participants,31 students studying abroad were from Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin.All of them had previously studied in one of the Chinese universities and now studied in one of the German universities.The other 30 domestic Chinese students were from Tsinghua University,Bejing,and Tongji Univerity,Shanghai.The German students had no experience of studying abroad. The Consensual Assessment Technique used in the present study has been validated by other researchers in creativity research. The judges,21 German and Chinese students,were recruited to judge all of artworks.They were asked to judge subjectively all of the artworks in the following eight dimensions:creativity,likeability,appropriateness,technical quality,imagination,artistic level, elaboration and general impression. The results found that the three groups of students examined(German students,Chinese students studying abroad,and Chinese students studying in China) differed in their artistic creativity.German participants produced more creative and aesthetically pleasing artwork than did their Chinese counterparts(Chinese studying abroad and domestic Chinese).This difference was observed by both German and Chinese judges.However,there was no difference between the two Chinese groups,whether they spoke Chinese or not. The results suggest that the difference in creativity between German and Chinese students was rather due to cultural factors than to ethnic or linguistic ones.Finally,although there were significant differences between German judges,Chinese judges studying abroad, and domestic Chinese judges in judging the artworks,these differences were not due to the preference for artwork of students from their own cultural background.Chinese and German judges roughly agreed on what constituted creativity.These results suggested that The Consensual Assessment Technique was proper for artistic creativity study to use and cultural differences affect creativity.更多还原