【摘要】 [目的]分析一起学校诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发的特点和流行原因,为制定防控对策提供科学依据。[方法]采用现场流行病学调查方法,结合临床表现及实验室检测结果进行分析。[结果]某中学共发生感染性腹泻病例1252例,罹患率43.52%,其中学生1239例,占98.96%;疫情波及所有的高中和初中年级和班级,发病年龄集中在14~20岁,男女性别比为1.01:1。住宿生发病率高于走读生,差异有统计学意义。高峰期为10月6~9日,共发病1135例,占发病总数的90.65%;患者主要表现为腹泻、腹痛、呕吐等胃肠炎症状,症状较轻。喝生水和在学校食堂就餐为发病的高危因素。采集21例腹泻患者粪便标本,6例病例诺如病毒检测阳性;自备水源水细菌总数检测超标。[结论]此次疫情为诺如病毒引起的感染性腹泻暴发,自备水源受污染可能是导致暴发的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To analyse the epidemic characteristics and causes of the Norovirus outbreak in a middle school,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Norovirus diarrhea.[Methods]Field epidemiology investigation methods were adopted,meanwhile accepted the clinic diagnosis and laboratory testing data.[Results]There were 1 252 cases of infectious diarrhea in a middle school,the attack rate was 43.52%. 1 239 cases were students and the percent was 98.96%. The students distributed in all senior and junior grades and classes. Most of the patients were aged 14 to 20 and the sex ratio was 1.01:1. The attack rate was higher in resident students than in non-resident students and the difference had statistical significance. The peak time was at October 6 to 9,the cases were 1 135 and the percent was 90.65% in total cases. The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea,abdominal pain and vomiting and the patients’conditions were mild. Drinking raw water and taking meals in school dining hall were the risk factors. 21 cases’ stool samples were tested Norovirus antigen and/or nucleic acid and 6 cases were positive. The source water of school-self prepared water was tested out of limits in total bacterial count.[Conclusion]This outbreak of infectious diarrhea is caused by Norovirus infection and the main cause is possibly due to pollution of school-self prepared water source.更多还原