【摘要】 根据海水浓缩体系组成,本文综述了其分离方法。针对氯化钾分离,讨论了冷分解正浮选法、冷结晶正/反浮选法、淘洗柱分离法和电势法等方法,并对各工艺进行了比较。对于氯化钠介绍了浮选剂在氯化钠表面吸附的原理、3类浮选剂及各自优缺点,以及N-烷基吗啉和脂肪酰胺的制备方法。比较了Na+、K+、Mg2+//C l-、SO42--H2O五元系统介稳平衡相图和Van’tHoff的稳定平衡相图。在五元介稳相图中,由于钾镁钒和钾盐镁钒结晶区域消失,导致硫酸镁和氯化钾的结晶区域直接相连,若采用海水蒸发浓缩工艺,可直接制备氯化钾;而对于固体混合盐可考虑制备硫酸型钾盐工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 Various separation methods for extraction of potassium chloride and sodium chloride from concentrated seawater with different components of mixed salt mines are reviewed.For the separation of potassium chloride,several methods including the cold decomposition of positive flotation,the counter-floatation-cool crystallization,the washing column separation and the potential separation method are introduced and compared.For the sodium chloride flotation,the adsorption principle,three types of flotation agents and their respective advantages and disadvantages,as well as the preparation method of N-alkyl morpholine and the fatty acid are discussed.The Na+,K+,Mg2+//Cl-,SO2-4-H2O quinary system phase diagram of metastable equilibrium and that of the Van’t Hoff stable equilibrium are compared.In the quinary metastable equilibrium phase diagram,since the crystallization regions of kainite and leonite disappeared,the crystallization region of magnesium sulfate connected directly with that of potassium chloride.This change in thermodynamics makes it feasible to produce potassium chloride by seawater evaporation.The mixed salts may be considered to prepare potassium sulfate process.更多还原