【摘要】 针对查询驱动的移动Sink无线传感器网络,基于IEEE 802.15.4标准,提出了一个联合簇树组网和移动路由的跨层协议设计方案。以能耗、网络连通度、负载均衡和子树深度等指标为评价因子,在多目标优化模型下定义了一个拓扑综合评价函数,构建稳定的最优簇树网络结构;改进了IEEE 802.15.4 MAC中基于信标帧调度的分布式睡眠同步算法,维护较低占空比下的网络同步与拓扑修正;利用拓扑形成过程中依"最早信标帧"、"最好链路"、"最小层次"3种准则确立的父子关系,建立移动Sink与N-Hop范围内节点的双向路由路径。最终将上述MAC层的拓扑控制方案与网络层的查询路由方法完整实现于TinyOS协议栈中。实验结果表明,评价函数能够有效地反映组网质量,N-Hop后验式路由结合睡眠同步机制,在"最好链路"拓扑下表现出较高的能量效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the standard of IEEE 802.15.4b,a cross-layer protocol design combining cluster-tree formatting and mobile routing was proposed for query-driven wireless sensor networks with mobile Sink(s).Firstly,energy consumption,network connectivity,load balancing and sub-tree depth were employed as the evaluation factors.A topology evaluation function under a multi-objective optimization model was defined to construct the stable and optimal underlying clus-ter-tree network.Secondly,the beacon frame scheduling based distributed sleep synchronization algorithm in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC was improved,which was used to maintain the network synchronization and topology correction on low duty-cycle.Thirdly,the parent-child relationships established during the topology formatting according to "first beacon","best links","top level" rules were exploited to build the two-way routing paths between mobile Sink(s) and the nodes within N-Hop range.Eventually,the topology control schemes at MAC layer and the query routing approach at network layer were completely implemented in the protocol stack of TinyOS.The experimental results show that the evaluation function can effectively reflect the quality of network formatting.Jointed with the sleep synchronization mechanism un-der the topology generated using the rule of "best links",the N-Hop reactive routing exhibits high energy-efficiency.更多还原