【摘要】 通过对德国的考察和分析,笔者认为德国职业教育体系是从满足社会发展、企业需求和个人进步三者要求来设计的,同时这也成为职业教育的目标。职业教育机构不仅要培养学生独立工作需要的专业能力,还要培养学生今后适应社会变革和个人进步所需要的非专业能力,即关键能力,包括方法能力、社会能力和个人能力。专业能力和关键能力构成了职业行动能力。职业行动能力需要通过行动导向教学加以培养,行动导向教学以具体的职业行动和各种思想活动为基础,也是理解他人行动的过程。学习领域是德国新框架计划的结构特点,它面向职业任务与行动过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the investigation and analysis of Germany,the authors think that German occupational education system is designed from three objects and three requirements,which are meeting the demand of social development,enterprises needs and personal improvement.The vocational education institutions should not only cultivate students to work independently with professional ability,but also non-professional competence adapting to social change and personal improvement need.This non-professional competence is called key ability,including method ability,social ability and individual ability which should be cultivated through action oriented teaching.Action oriented teaching is based on concrete career action and various thought activities,which is also the action process of understanding others.In one word,the structure characteristic of learning areas is the new German framework plan opening to career missions and action process.更多还原