【摘要】 利用长期定位实验,在黄土高原旱地研究不同施肥下小麦连作22年后土壤养分及水分的变化状况,为合理利用水肥资源提供参考。在对照(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷化肥配施(NP)、氮磷化肥与有机肥配施(NPM)6个不同长期施肥处理中,测定耕层(0～20 cm)土壤的基础养分和土壤剖面(0～300cm)含水量、储水量。结果表明:1)M比CK的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数分别增加55.44%、45.24%、29.63%、67.16%、186.96%和123.65%,NPM配施比CK的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数分别增加65.67%、50.00%、40.74%、72.37%、324.58%和191.17%。2)NPM、M、P、CK、N和NP耕层含水量分别为18.19%、17.99%、17.66%、17.42%、16.96%和16.29%;NPM、M、NP土壤剖面含水量变化趋势相似。3)P、CK、N、NP、M和NPM处理,0～300 cm土壤储水量分别为666.73、656.23、629.41、536.88、504.26和488.47 mm,P处理土壤储水量比CK增加1.60%,而N、NP、M、NPM土壤储水量比CK分别减少4.09%、18.19%、23.16%、25.56%。因此,长期单施有机肥、有机肥与化肥配施能增加耕层土壤各养分和水分含量,而0～300 cm土壤储水量却显著降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 To provide reference for reasonable use of water and fertilizer resources in dry-land of Loess Plateau,the study on the change of soil nutrient and water was conducted under the condition of 22-year Triticum aestivum L.succession based on the long-term fertilizer experiment.The six treatments were no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen fertilizer(N),phosphate fertilizer(P),manure fertilizer(M),nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers(NP),nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with manure(NPM).Nutrient in tilth soils(0-20cm),and water contents and water storage in soil profiles(0-300cm) were measured.The results showed that for the contents of soil organic matter,total N,total P,available N,available P,and available K in tilth soils,they increased by 55.44%,45.24%,29.63%,67.16%,186.96% and 123.65%,respectively,after long-time M application.For contents of soil organ matter,total N,total P,available N,available P,and available K in tilth soils,they increased by 65.67%,50.00%,40.74%,72.37%,324.58% and 191.17%,respectively,after long-time NPM application.The water contents in tilth soils were 18.19%,17.99%,17.66%,17.42%,16.96% and 16.29% after long-time NPM,M,P,CK,N and NP treatments,respectively.The distribution characteristics of water contents in soil profile were similar for long-time NPM,M and NP treatments.The water storage of 0-300cm soil layers were 666.73,656.23,629.41,536.88,504.26 and 488.47mm in the P,CK,N,NP,M and NPM treatments,respectively.Compared to the CK,the wate storage in the P treatment increased by 1.60%,but decreased by 4.09% in the N treatment,18.19%in the NP treatment,23.16% in the M treatment and 25.56% in the NPM treatment.The long-term application of single manure and chemical fertilizer combined with manure could increase nutrient and water contents in tilth soils.The water storage in 0-300cm soil layers significantly decreased by the long-term application of single manure and chemical fertilizer combined with manure.更多还原