【摘要】 利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明:近50 a北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-88.1 mm/10a和-76.0 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区蒸发量的变化有显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Meterological data from 20 meteorological stations during 1960-2009 were used for investigation on seasonal and interannual characteristics of pan evaporation over urban and rural areas in Beijing,and the effects of urbanization on the regional climate in Beijing were also explored.Results show that,over the past half century,the pan evaporation rate declined over the urban and rural areas,with the rate of-88.1 mm/10a and-76.0 mm/10a,respectively.Due to urbanization,the decrease in pan evaporation over the urban areas was attributed to variation of precipitation,sunshine hours,minimum temperature,diurnal temperature range and average wind speed,but over the rural areas,it was attributed to that of relative humidity,sunshine hours,air saturation deficit and average wind speed.Generally speaking,high correlationship was found among the pan evaporation and the relative humidity,sunshine hours,minimum temperature,diurnal temperature range and average wind speed in Beijing.更多还原