【摘要】 阅读默顿的博士论文,有助于我们探讨中国科学的兴盛之道。人们常常过于关注默顿博士论文所提出的"默顿命题",反而忽视了默顿博士论文其实是一部探讨科学激励的专著。默顿博士论文所探讨的,不是近代科学在英格兰的产生,而是近代科学在英格兰的兴起,因激励而兴起。激励主要是外在因素的激励,包括社会经济、军事等实用的需要以及宗教等文化价值因素。默顿事实上还探讨了科学的内在激励,这就是竞争,它构成默顿博士论文之后的论著的核心。更多还原

【Abstract】 So much attention has been paid to the so-called Mertonian Theses that people ignore fact that this dissertation is essentially a work on stimulating science inspiration.It focuses not on the emerging,but on the inspiration-oriented rising-up of science in England.Stimulating forces of extra-scientific elements include practical social,economical and military needs,as well as cultural values such as religion.Also included in this very dissertation is a probe into the intrinsic stimulus,i.e.competition among scientists themselves,which again constitutes the core points in Merton’s following publications.更多还原