【摘要】 在超分子主-客体识别系统中,由专一作用如多重氢键、拓扑捕捉、金属-配体驱动的识别虽然具有高选择性,但要求主体具有严格的尺寸、形状和电子环境;同时识别通常限于那些具有拓扑特征和电子特征的分子,这类识别机制称为静态识别。另一方面,由超支化聚合物衍生的核-壳两亲大分子(CAM),方便易得且有广泛的客体亲合性,但客体选择性通常较低。近年的研究表明,CAM的核经过合适的电子性质改性后,竞争客体分子间的差异可被放大,从而实现高选择性包裹与分离,而CAM最大的特点是核内有大量随机分布的官能团,从而可以进行各种精细的改性。这一由复杂系统的非线性特征导致的识别不需要专一作用的推动,适合于复杂分子的识别,被称为超分子模糊识别。实验表明,超分子模糊识别主体可以用于各种离子客体的高效分离,还可以识别拓扑特征和电子特征非常相似的分子。本文就超分子模糊识别的机制、特点以及应用作了综述。更多还原

【Abstract】 In supramolecular host-guest systems,recognition promoted by specific interaction such as multiple H-bond,topological trapping,metal-ligand interaction is generally highly selective.But the host should be rigorously tailored in size,morphology and electronic environment so that completely complementary interaction is possible,meanwhile,mainly those guests with topological or electronic feature can be well recognized.Such a mechanism is called static molecular recognition(SMR).On the other hand,core-shell amphiphilic macromolecule(CAM) derived from hyperbranched polymer is readily available but shows wide guest affinities.Recent research,however,shows that appropriate core engineering of a CAM can lead to highly selective guest encapsulation because the difference of the guest species can be amplified,while CAM is featured by the dense and randomly distributed functional groups in the core,which render it readily tailorable.Such a recognition mechanism which is based on the nonlinearity of a complex system does not need to be promoted by a specific interaction,and is applicable to the recognition of complex molecules,thus is called supramolecular fuzzy recognition.Experiments have shown that a variety of ionic guest species can be effectively separated,including those which are topologically and electronically similar species.In this article,the mechanism,feature and application of supramolecular fuzzy recognition are reviewed.更多还原