【摘要】 以辽宁、吉林和黑龙江三省20世纪70、80、90年代和21世纪初有代表性水稻品种为试材,分析省份间及年代间水稻品种品质差异、变化及其相互关系。结果表明:除了2000年以后糙米率和精米率略有下降外,东北三省水稻品种90年代前碾磨品质随着年代的演替逐渐提高;外观品质随着年代的演进得到了很大的改善,2000年以后品种粒长和长宽比、垩白粒率和垩白度显著或极显著好于早年育成品种;蛋白质含量随着年代的演进逐渐降低,直链淀粉含量逐渐提高,食味值也得到明显改善,以90年代后育成品种尤为突出;碾磨品质辽宁>吉林>黑龙江,外观品质粒长和长宽比均是黑龙江最高,且极显著高于辽宁和吉林,垩白粒率和垩白度吉林>辽宁>黑龙江,且相互间达到极显著水平,白度吉林>黑龙江>辽宁,相互间也都达到极显著水平,蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量均是黑龙江>辽宁>吉林,但辽宁和吉林直链淀粉含量差异没达到显著水平;食味值吉林>黑龙江>辽宁,黑龙江和辽宁差异没达到显著水平。糙米率、精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量和食味值与粒长和长宽比呈显著或极显著负相关,垩白粒率和垩白度与整精米率、直链淀粉含量和食味值呈显著或极显著负相关。因此,在今后的育种和栽培过程中,应注意防止糙米率和精米率的降低,黑龙江应注意提高碾磨品质,吉林应适当降低垩白粒率和垩白度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The typical rice varieties in Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces from 1970 to 2000 were used as trial materials to analyze the differences,changes and relationships in quality traits of rice in different provinces and different released years.The results showed that the milling quality traits of rice in three provinces before 1990s were increased with released years,except brown rice percentage(BR)and milled rice percentage(MR)after 2000s were decreased.The rice appearance quality was significantly increased with released years,the grain length(GL)and ratio of grain length to width(RLW),chalky grain rate(CGR)and chalkiness(CN)of rice after 2000s were very significantly better than those of rice before 2000s,the protein content(PC)was decreased with released years,but amylose content(AC)and score were increased.The increase of score after 1990s was significant higher than before 1990s.The order of milling quality in three provinces was Liaoning>Jilin>Heilongjiang,the GL and RLW in Heilongjiang were the highest,which were very significantly higher than those in Liaoning and Jilin,the order of CGR and CN both were Jilin>Liaoning>Heilongjiang,and there was significant difference of that between different provinces,the order of whiteness was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Liaoning,and there has very significantly difference in three province,the PC and AC of Heilongjiang both were the highest in three provinces and those of Jilin were the lowest,but there had no obvious difference for protein content between Liaoning and Jilin,the order of score was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Liaoning,and there has no obvious difference between Liaoning and Heilongjiang.The BR,MR,CGR,CN,AC and score were significantly and negatively correlated with GL and RLW.The CGR and CN were significantly and negatively correlated with head rice percentage,AC and score.In the future rice breeding and cultivation,more attention should be paid to stabilize BR and MR,increasing milling quality in Heilongjiang,decreasing CGR and CN properly in Jilin.更多还原