【摘要】 风险倾向和成就动机是影响领导者决策的两个重要因素,为了探讨这两个变量对美国市政公园和休闲娱乐机构高层领导者的影响,以及这两个变量与人口统计学非独立变量,如年龄、性别、受教育程度、城市规模、机构规模、机构年预算额、工作经历等因素之间的关系;三套问卷:(1)人口统计学变量特点问卷,(2)考根(Kogan)和瓦尔切(Wallach)设计的"选择性左右为难问卷"(1964年),(3)爱利泽(Elizur)设计的"成就动机问卷"(1979年)被选用测试59名高层领导者的风险倾向和成就动机。研究手段采用描述性统计分析(Descriptive statistical analysis)、皮尔森相关分析(Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient)和斯派尔曼相关分析(Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient)、独立样本T-检验(Independent-sample t-test,)和单向方差分析(One-way ANOVA)等统计学方法,对以上独立变量和非独立变量之间关系进行处理与分析。研究结果显示:(1)81.4%的高层领导者表现出适度的风险倾向,(2)96.6%的高层领导者具有中高程度的成就动机,(3)两个变量(风险倾向和成就动机存在)成适度相关(r=0.341,p=0.0008),(4)人口统计学非独立变量因素中,只有年龄与风险倾向成低相关,(5)人口统计学非独立变量因素中,全职员工数量、城市规模和机构年预算额三个因素与成就动机有适度相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Risk-taking propensity and achievement motivation are two key factors related to decision-making of leaders.In order to explore the influence and relationship of the two variables on park and recreation leaders,as well as the relationships of various demographic variables such as age,gender,education level,city size,agency size and budget,and years of professional experience in the park and recreation field,three research instruments:(1) Demographic Characteristics Survey,(2) The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire(CDQ) developed by Kogan and Wallach(1964),and(3) Achievement Motive Questionnaire(AMQ) developed by Elizur(1979),were utilized to investigate 59 municipal park and recreation leaders for data collection.In addition,statistical methods,such as descriptive statistical analysis,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient,Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient,Independent-sample t-test,and One-way ANOVA,were selected to process datum in this study.?Research results indicated the following: 1) 81.4% of respondents demonstrated a moderate propensity for risk-taking;2) 96.6% of respondents scored at the moderate or high levels of motivation achievement;3) there was a statistically significant correlation between risk-taking propensity and achievement motivation at 0.01 level(r=0.341,p= 0.0008);4) there was only one demographic variable(age) weakly correlated with risk-taking propensity at 0.05 level;and 5) There were three demographic variables(full-time staff,city size,and organizational budget) moderately correlated with achievement motivation.更多还原