【摘要】 北仑河口的地形地貌在近几十年来发生了较大改变,深槽、沙嘴、拦门沙等地形在形态、大小和布局上发生了较大的变化,主航道中心线明显向北侧偏移。这主要是由自然因素与人为作用两个方面造成的,自然因素主要为风、浪、潮及径流的共同作用,人为因素主要为海岸植被减少、沙洲围垦与人工挖沙以及海岸防护设施年久失修等,两大类因素相互作用,促进北仑河口的岸滩演变。北仑河口海岸需要增高和加固海堤,修筑丁坝和离岸堤等促淤保滩工程,防止风暴潮和巨浪等对海堤和内陆的破坏;需要加大红树林等护岸林的保护与种植力度,实施红树林生物工程;需要科学合理规划海洋工程、围垦工程以及人工挖沙的选址;需要落实年久失修海堤的除险加固工程等措施来控制和削弱北仑河口航道北偏等不利影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The topography of Beilun estuary has occurred major change in recent decades,the entrance region terrain such as deep trench,sand spit and mouth bar have had a great change in shape,size and layout,in addition,the main channel centerline offset obviously to the north.The main reasons for these changes are attributed to both natural factors and human activities.Natural factors mostly consist of wind,wave,tide,runoff and their interaction.Human factors mainly contain reduced coastal vegetation,shoals reclamation,artificial dredging and coastal protection facilities fell into disrepair,etc.The interaction of two major factors promotes the evolution of Beilun estuary.To control and weaken the adverse effects such as the main channel of Beilun estuary offsetting to north,we can take the following measures:to increase and reinforce seawall,to construct beach protection and accretion promotion project such as groin,offshore breakwater and so on;to prevent storm surges,waves and other damage on the seawall and inland;to intensify the mangrove protection and planting,to carry out the mangrove bioengineering;to plan scientifically and rationally for marine engineering,reclamation and dredging projects;to implement reinforcing dilapidated seawall projects,etc.更多还原