【摘要】 采用金相、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉伸试验和洛氏硬度检测等实验方法,研究4种不锈钢(410S、430、409L和304)的室温拉伸应变硬化行为,探讨其拉伸应变行为的特征与规律.结果表明:304不锈钢的加工硬化能力远高于410S、430、409L不锈钢,而且304冷轧(固溶)态的n值(0.57)高于304热轧(空冷)态n值(0.48).晶粒大小和第二相粒子数量是铁素体不锈钢应变硬化的主要因素,3种铁素体不锈钢应变硬化能力大小为:n410S>n430>n409L.304钢的强化主要来自加工硬化和应变诱发马氏体的相变硬化的贡献,冷轧态304与热轧态相比,在拉伸过程中诱发的马氏体很少(10%),其拉伸强化效应(384 MPa)主要来自加工硬化本身.更多还原

【Abstract】 The tensile strain hardening behavior at room temperature was investigated for four kinds of stainless steels(410S、430、409L and 304) by means of optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),tensile test and Brined hardness test.The characteristics and regularity of the tensile strain behavior was explored.The results showed that the ability of working hardening of 304 stainless steel was higher than that of 410S,430,409L stainless steel.The n-value of 304 cold rolling(melting) condition(0.57) was further higher than 304 hot rolling(air cooled) condition(0.48).The two primary factors of the ferritic stainless steel strain hardening were grain size and second phase granule quantity.The strain hardening ability of three kinds of ferritic stainless steel was: n410S>n430>n409L.the strengthening of 304 steel mainly came from the working hardening and transformation hardening by strain-induced martensite phase transformation.Compared with the hot-rolled 304 stainless steel,the quantity of the induced martensite of the cold-rolled 304 stainless steel in tensile process was very few(10%),its tensile strengthening effect(384 MPa,higher than that in hot rolling condition)mainly came from the working hardening itself.更多还原