【摘要】 按4个/km2采集土壤样品,然后均匀混合形成一个组合的分析测试方式,在包头市研究区内共采集了884个土壤样品,组成了221个分析测试样品。分别用ICP-MS、XRF、GF-AAS和AFS法测定了土壤中34个元素的含量。通过对表层土壤多种元素含量分布特征的研究,表明:(1)该地区表层土壤富含Ca、Mg等碱土元素。(2)贫铁族元素Fe、Ni和Co。(3)Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、S、Se、F、Hg元素和La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd等稀土元素在表层土壤中的富集状况具有明显分异特征。(4)污染表层土壤的元素主要是Mn、Pb、Zn、Cd、S、As、Hg和La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm,这些元素的来源主要是冶金、矿业和化工等工业活动。(5)通过内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果得出,市区221个表层土壤已有110个综合污染指数大于2,达到了中度污染水平,其中有69个已大于3,达到了重度污染水平。(6)由于工业废渣的露天堆放、工业废水的农业灌溉和工业废气的扩散使得污染范围不断扩大,包头地区表层土壤污染已呈现由点源污染向面源污染变化的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 To be different from some research of arming at several elements in a little crematory or factory,this study has investigated the multi-element contents of surface soil in Baotou city.Sum of 884 soil samples was collected with four soil samples every one square kilometer and has made 221 analysis samples with every four soil samples being mixed as one analysis sample.The analyses were performed with the methods of ICP-MS,XRF,GF-AAS and AFS.The results indicate that alkaline earth metals as Ca and Mg are enriched in surface soil,but iron family elements such as Fe,Ni and Co are comparatively arid.The enrichment condition of the following elements in the surface soil is characterized by obvious area differentiation: Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As,S,Se,F,Hg elements and the rare earth elements La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd.Most of the surface soils in Baotou city was polluted to a certain extent by elements of Mn,Pb,Zn,Cd,S,As and Hg or the rare earth elements of La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu and Gd.These pollution elements are mainly from the manufacture activities of metallurgy,mining and chemical industries.The soil pollution in industrial areas is at medium level or serious level.Due to the opening stack of industrial waster residue,agricultural irrigation of using industrial waste water and diffusing function of industrial exhaust gas,pollution scope was continually widen and trended towards forming regional pollution from point-shaped pollution.更多还原