【摘要】 渔业为13亿中国人民提供了约1/3动物性蛋白质,为提高中国人民生活水平和食品安全作出了重要贡献。作为世界最大的水产品生产国,我国已经开发利用了大部分适于水产养殖的水体(包括内陆)。综述了我国的水产养殖选址和养殖容量管理的现状。在我国,与水产养殖选址相关的因素包括当地陆地和水面的功能区域规划、水体和其他环境质量要求、对当地环境和社区福利的影响。目前国内存在的诸如超容量养殖、工业发展导致的环境压力和环境恶化、内陆淡水养虾的快速扩张以及水产养殖相关法律执行的困境等,是影响水产养殖业可持续发展的主要问题。此外,分析了虚拟管理工具(如数据库、模型)和生态系统方法在我国水产方面的应用及相关因素。水产养殖结构中肉食性品种所占比例的连续增加,表明我国水产养殖净产出食物的能力正在变弱,而由水产养殖自身导致的环境压力正在增加。水域区划规划实施存在问题以及水产养殖废物排放缺乏有效的监控手段和立法,是限制当前我国水产养殖合理选址和养殖容量管理的瓶颈,为此提出了一些相应的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fisheries have provided about 1/3 of animal protein to 1.3 billion Chinese people,and made significant contribution to improve Chinese living standard and food security.As the largest aquatic food producer in the world,China has exploited most of its water bodies and land that suitable for aquaculture.This paper has reviewed the aquaculture site selection and carrying capacity management status in China.Factors relevant to aquaculture site selection in China include functional zoning scheme of local land and water areas,water and other environmental quality requirements,influence to local environment and the influence to community welfare.Local issues including over-carrying capacity farming,environmental pressure and deterioration caused by industrialization,rapid expansion of inland freshwater shrimp farming and predicament in the aquaculture related law enforcement are identified as major problems related to the sustainable development of aquaculture.The status of virtual tools(e.g.databases,models) usage and factors related to the ecosystem approach to aquaculture(EAA) in China were also discussed in the context.The continuous increasing of fed animals’ portion in the aquaculture structure indicated it was weakening in net food production and increasing environmental pressures in China’s aquaculture industry.Problems in water area zoning scheme enforcement,lack of effective monitoring and legislation on aquaculture effluent discharge were the current bottlenecks limiting reasonable aquaculture site selection and carrying capacity management in China,and some relevant recommendations have been provided.更多还原