【摘要】 本文通过对北疆38个自育审定品种的表型性状遗传多样性分析,目的在于揭示北疆棉花品种选择技术路线、方向及特点,以减少育种者在选育过程中的盲目性、重复性,对于提高育种选育效率,促进新疆棉花资源创新利用,选育适合生产过硬的棉花新品种和丰富新疆棉花育种理论具有重要意义。试验方法采用统计分析和聚类分析法进行。分析后发现:(1)13个表型性状中果枝台数的遗传多样性指数最高,达到了2.077739,其次为马克隆值、籽指和单铃重,伸长率最低。遗传多样性指数最低的是伸长率,仅为0.867286。(2)随着育种年代的推移,北疆棉花自育品种在表型性状呈现出一定的变化。自育品种生育期整体逐渐变短,果枝台数总体逐渐增加,子叶节高和株高性状有明显增加趋势。(3)不同育种年代自育品种的产量性状变化明显,育成品种铃重明显增加,籽指随铃重变化也呈明显上升趋势,单株铃数和衣分也呈现总体增加的趋势;衣分仍有较大的提升空间。(4)自育品种的品质性状呈现稳步提高的趋势,纤维长度和比强度逐渐增加,马克隆值呈现下降趋势,总体变化日趋合理。通过聚类研究发现:(1)38个历史自育品种可以明显地划分为两个类群,第1类群包括30份品种,第2大类包括8份品种。同时第1类群又可划分为两个亚类群,其中第一亚类群包括16份品种,第二亚类群包含14份品种。(2)不同品种间欧氏遗传距离变幅为1.5998～25.1085,两两品种间平均欧氏遗传距离为4.9417。(3)具有相近表型性状、相似遗传背景、相同选育单位和相同类型的品种均被较好的聚类在一起,聚类结果较为符合品种本身的真实特性和遗传背景演变趋势。(4)北疆自育品种一直成为主栽品种,究其遗传原因在于合理拓展美棉成分、黄河流域中棉系列以及特早熟棉区辽棉系列的遗传组分,为新疆棉花育种打破遗传组分狭窄问题提供了启示、依据和拓展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article studied the diversity of 38 self-breeding upland cotton varieties grown in Nouth Xinjian,aiming to discover the technical route and orientation on their selection,hoping to providing clues for avoiding blindness and repetition in the selection process.Results showed that:1) The genetic diversity index of fruit branch was the highest(up to 2.077739),followed by Macrom,seed weight,boll number each plant.The span length is the lowest(0.867286).2) Along with breed years in Xinjiang,phytotem of varieties which bred by Xinjiang cotton breeders presented a series of changes:the whole childbearing period shortened;fruit branch gradually increased;cotyledonary node height and plant height increased.3) The yi eld of varieties in different years changed obviously.The boll weight increases strikingly;Seed weight had increasing trend with boll weight variation;Boll number each plant and the lint percentage totally presented the trend of increasing.The lint percentage had potential to promote.4) The qualities appeared the trend of steady progress.The fibre and strength gradually increased.Macrom appeared trend of descend.The whole was more reasonable.Through clustering,the results showed that:1) These varieties can be classified into two groups.The first group includes 30 varieties,and the second one included 8 varieties.The first group can be further divided into two sub-groups,with the first sub-group including 16 varieties,and the second 14 varieties.2) Ou genetic distances amplitude were 1.599 8～25.108 5.The average Ou genetic distances between varieties were 4.9417.3) Varieties with similar phenotypic characteristic,similar genetic background,the same breeding units and the same species were clustered together better,clustering results are more consistent with the true characteristics of their own species and trend of evolutionary genetic background.4) The cultivar in North Xinjiang has been a major cultivar because of its genetic composition of American cotton,cotton series of the Yellow River Basin and early maturity cotton series of genetic components in Liaoning Province.This study presents insights for cotton breeding to break the narrow issue in Xinjiang.更多还原