【摘要】 随着现代材料分析与测试技术的不断进步和创新,越来越多的材料表征手段已经用于考古发现,以及文物的保护和鉴定领域,大大推动了科技考古学科的发展。电子背散射衍射(EBSD)作为一种研究材料微观组织结构的重要手段,在材料晶粒尺寸大小、取向分布、晶界信息、应变和物相鉴定等方面具有独特的优势。本文综述和介绍了近年来利用EBSD技术在研究历史文物方面的一些研究成果。例如,通过对意大利古代彩色玻璃和彩陶中微小颜料残留物的物相鉴别,可获得原材料产地、制作工艺和制作时间等方面的重要信息;通过对中国古代青铜器晶粒取向关系的研究,可进一步推断古代青铜器的制作和冷热加工工艺,为展示我国灿烂的青铜文明提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development and innovation of modern analytical and testing techniques,more and more instruments of materials characterization have been used in the areas of archaeological discovery,culture relic protection and appraisal,which make a great promotion to development of archaeometry.As an important characterizing approach on materials microstructures,EBSD exhibits unique advantages in crystal size,orientation relationship,boundary information,strain-stress and phase identification,etc.This paper reviews some recent research results on the historical relics by using EBSD.It includes: 1) by identification of the residuals of small pigments in ancient colored glass and polychrome ceramic,the information of the raw materials used,the production period and site,the manufacturing processes and ancient used for their preparation were obtained;2) by analyzing the grain orientation relationships in the Chinese ancient bronzes,the manufacturing processes as well as cold / hot working technologies were proposed,which provide a further proof to Chinese brilliant civilization of Bronze.更多还原