【摘要】 为了明确取食相同植物不同部位和营不同虫瘿的蚜虫是否存在形态适应,论文以取食杨属Populus植物的10种蚜虫为研究对象,基于蚜虫喙末端、各足跗节和爪的形态测量数据,对122个克隆的形态变异通过一般的统计描述、典型变量分析(canonical variates analysis,CVA)以及聚类分析等方法进行了研究。结果显示,不同的蚜虫克隆间形态特征存在分异,与不同的虫瘿类型和取食部位相关。3个典型变量分析明显地区分了形成虫瘿和不形成虫瘿的蚜虫克隆,在叶片上形成真虫瘿和伪虫瘿的克隆以及不产生虫瘿的克隆,并形成明显的克隆簇。而用于分析的形态学特征,如喙末端、跗节和爪的测量值,其一般统计描述的差异也支持这些区分。蚜虫自然种群不同克隆簇的区分很好地对应了不同的取食部位和不同的虫瘿类型,且各簇的形态特征体现了各自的特点,表明了蚜虫对杨属植物已经形成了良好的形态适应。同时,也初步讨论了不同蚜虫克隆簇形态适应产生的原因。并建议在基于形态特征探讨昆虫的系统发育关系和进行传统分类时,必须考虑昆虫形态特征的适应性;在深入研究昆虫与寄主植物相互之间关系时,需要将各种形态特征综合考虑并关注其它的影响因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand morphological adaptation of aphids to distinct gall types and feeding sites of related host plants,morphological variations of 122 field clones from ten aphid species with different gall types and feeding sites on Populus were studied using general descriptive statistics,canonical variates analysis (CVA) and clustering analysis based on morphometrics.CVAs and clustering analysis both revealed that morphological differences of 122 clones from ten aphid species were associated with the gall types and feeding sites on host plants.The scores of the first two canonical variates (CVs) clearly separated the gall dwellers from free livers in the first CVA,separated the true gall dwellers from pseudo-gall dwellers both on leaves distinctly in the second CVA,and provided evident separation among different feeding sites of free livers in the final CVA.General statistical analysis with measurements of ultimate rostral segments,tarsi and claws further supported the separations.Clearly separations of aphid clones of different species corresponding to different gall types and feeding sites on the host plant and variations of morphological characters among different clusters of aphids suggest morphological adaptation for the aphid species to different gall types and feeding sites on Populus.Possible reasons for morphological variations among different aphid clusters were discussed.It was also suggested that the study on constructing phylogeny and traditional taxonomy of insects by morphology must consider morphological adaptations,and the study on insect-host plant relationship must take account of combined morphological characters and other influential factors.更多还原