【摘要】 茶氨酸系茶树(Camellia sinensis)特征性成分,具有放松镇静、增强记忆、保护神经、化疗调节等诸多生理活性。目前发现能催化茶氨酸生物合成的酶有7种,它们分别是茶氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、γ-谷氨酰甲胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶。茶氨酸生物合成反应有两种代表类型:(1)谷氨酸和乙胺为底物的连接合成反应(需ATP供能);(2)谷氨酰胺和乙胺为底物的酰基转移反应。本文对茶氨酸酶促合成途径进行了综述,以此为茶氨酸微生物合成技术的开发应用提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a characteristic component in tea plant(Camellia sinensis),theanine has many favorable physiological effects,such as promoting relaxation,enhancing memory,neuroprotection,modulation of chemotherapy,etc.So far,seven kinds of enzyme have been discovered by which theanine can be synthesized.They are respectively named as theanine synthetase,glutamine synthetase,γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase,glutamate synthetase,γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase,glutaminase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase.The two representative reaction types for theanine biosynthesis are linking reaction between glutamic acid and ethylamine in the presence of ATP and γ-glutamyl transfer reaction in which γ-glutamyl group from hydrolysis of glutamine is transferred to ethylamine.In order to apply and develop the exiting methods for microbial production of theanine,the ways involved in enzymatic synthesis of theanine are systematically summarized in this paper.更多还原