【摘要】 为探讨以养蚕生产大宗副产物蚕沙制造养分丰富的有机肥料技术,直接采用含有约10%桑枝和5%桑叶的蚕沙为主要原料,以废弃蘑菇基料作为调理剂进行好氧堆肥,研究蘑菇基料的不同添加比例对蚕沙好氧堆肥腐熟条件中的温度、pH、含水率等因素以及堆肥中养分的影响。用90%蚕沙+10%蘑菇基料(处理1)、75%蚕沙+25%蘑菇基料(处理2)、100%蚕沙(对照)制造堆肥,均可在6 h达到最高温度(分别为64.4、66.0、68.3℃),但处理1组的高温持续时间较短,处理2组和对照组的高温持续时间在5 d以上,达到无害化卫生标准规定。处理1组和对照组堆肥中的含水率较高,处理2组可降低堆肥中的含水率及pH。从堆肥中的养分来看,各处理均可增加堆肥中的磷、钾含量,但处理1组和对照组均存在氮素损失(分别下降0.62%、5.84%)的问题,而处理2组由于降低了堆肥的pH,因此比初始状态增加4.19%的氮素含量。综合以上试验结果认为,在蚕沙堆肥过程中添加25%的废弃蘑菇基料有利于改善堆肥的反应条件,提高堆肥的氮素养分含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,mushroom residue was introduced as an amendment for aerobic composting of silkworm waste containing 10% mulberry twigs and 5% mulberry leaves to study organic fertilizer preparation technology using silkworm waste,a by-product in large quantity from silkworm rearing.Effects of various proportions of mushroom residue on composting conditions including temperature,pH value,moisture content and nutrient in aerobic composting of silkworm waste were investigated.The results showed that the highest composting temperature(64.4,66.0 and 68.3 ℃ respectively)could be reached at 6 h when the compost was consisted of 90% silkworm waste+10% mushroom residue(treatment 1),75% silkworm waste+25% mushroom residue(treatment 2),or 100% silkworm waste(control).However,the sustained duration of treatment 1 was relatively short.That of treatment 2 and the control lasted over 5 d,attaining the requirements of sanitary standard for non-hazardous treatment.The moisture content in treatment 1 and the control was relatively high,while moisture content and pH value of the compost were both lowered in treatment 2.From the nutrient point of view,the contents of phosphor and potassium were increased in all treatments.Yet the content of nitrogen declined in treatment 1 and the control(declined by 0.62% and 5.84% respectively).On contrary,because of dec-line of pH value in the compost,the content of nitrogen in treatment 2 was increased by 4.19%.Taken together,addition of 25% mushroom residue as amendment for aerobic composting of silkworm waste is favorable for improving composting conditions and increasing the content of nitrogen nutrient.更多还原