【摘要】 全球性的气候变暖极大地影响了农作物生长和农业种植结构,运用甘肃省冬小麦和冬油菜物候观测和统计年鉴资料,探讨气候变暖对越冬作物种植的影响.结果表明:冬小麦对气候变暖的响应主要表征为全生育期与越冬期的缩短,返青期与收获期提前;增温使越冬-起身、乳熟-成熟缩短,而使起身-拔节、孕穗-抽穗、开花-乳熟延长;冬油菜对气候变暖的响应表现为冬前生长发育的物候期普遍推后,而冬前生长天数并没有明显变化;翌年返青后的物候期普遍提前,越冬-返青、抽薹-初花和整个生育期缩短,返青-现蕾、终花-成熟则延长.气候变暖导致冬油菜气候产量有所增加,而冬小麦气候产量则下降.陇中冬小麦种植面积迅速扩大、陇东南冬小麦种植面积减少,而全省冬油菜种植面积逐年增加.冬小麦适宜种植区北界20世纪90年代比60年代向西北扩展100～200 km,适宜种植区的海拔比过去也升高了300～400 m.冬油菜种植带向北扩展约100 km,种植海拔向上提高了100～200 m.更多还原

【Abstract】 The structure of agricultural planting has been influenced by global climate warming,resulting in a lot of changes in the planting area and output of winter crops.The parallel ground observation data and yearbook records since 1981 are analyzed in this paper.It is found that the whole growth and over-wintering periods of winter wheat are shortening in Gansu Province,with turning green date and harvesting date in advance.Climate warming makes the dates of turning green,jointing,flowering and maturing in advance,the duration from flowering to milk-maturing prolonged,and the duration from milk-maturing to maturing shortened.The beginning date of over-wintering period of winter rape is in advance,but the beginning date from over-wintering to turning green date has not distinct change.The duration from return green date to budding date and the duration of end flowering date to maturing date are prolonged,and the duration from over-wintering date to return green date and whole duration are shortened.Owing to climate warming,the yield of winter rape is increasing and that of winter wheat is decreasing.From the 1960s to the 1990s,the planting boundary of winter wheat had extended about 100～200 km northwards and had raised 300～400 m in altitude;the planting boundary of winter rape had extended about 100 km northwards and had raised 100～200 m in altitude.更多还原