【摘要】 [目的]研究不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响。[方法]以陕西黄河湿地为研究区域,通过对不同土地利用方式下湿地土壤水分物理性质的比较,研究了湿地退化过程中土壤水分物理性质及其变异规律。[结果]在不同土地利用方式下,黄河湿地从河滩湿地、开垦湿地(农田)到因盐碱化最终废弃后的退化过程中,土壤容重均随着土壤深度的增加而增大,土壤容重的平均值分别为1.474、1.522、1.593 g/cm3。土壤变得更紧实;土壤孔隙状况(总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度)的各项指标也随着土地利用方式的改变有所降低,其中毛管孔隙和总孔隙随着土地利用方式的改变达到极显著水平,非毛管孔隙也达到显著水平。土壤孔隙度状况的改变而改变,加剧了土壤的退化;3种不同土地利用方式下,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量,表现出相同的规律。与湿地土壤相比,开垦湿地(农田)和废弃盐碱地的最大持水量平均值分别减少了5.7%和22.3%。毛管持水量平均值分别减少了0.2%和19.4%。最小持水量平均值分别减少了6.1%和22.2%;3种不同土地利用方式中,河滩湿地的蓄水能力和排水能力均优于开垦湿地(农田)和废弃盐碱地,与河滩湿地相比,开垦湿地(农田)和盐碱化荒地总土壤蓄水能力分别降低了12.4%和15.2%。总的排水能力分别降低了2.7%和15.9%。[结论]采取合理措施安排湿地周边集体林地、农田及湿地资源开发关系对黄河湿地保护区涵养水源,调节水分循环和抵御旱涝灾害的能力具有重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The aim was to study the effect of different land use patterns on physical characteristics of soil water in yellow river wetland in Shanxi Province.[Method] Yellow River wetland in Shanxi was selected as the research area,through comparison on the physical properties of the soil water under different land use patterns,the soil water physical properties and variation rules in the process of the wetland degradation was studied.[Result] From the wetlands,cultivated land to the abandoned salina land,soil bulk density of three different land use patterns increased with the increasing of soil depth.Soil bulk densities were ranked in the order of wetland(1.474 g/cm3),cultivated land(1.522 g/cm3) and the abandoned salina land(1.593 g/cm3).Soil became compacted increasingly;the indicators of soil porosity(total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity) were also reduced with the change of land use patterns,in which,capillary porosity and total porosity reached the extreme significance level with the change of land use patterns,and non-capillary porosity reached significant level.The wetland degradation was exacerbated by changes in soil porosity conditions;the changes in max soil moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity and min moisture capacity change under the three different land use types showed the same variation rules respectively.Compared with wetland,max soil moisture capacity of cultivated land and salina land was decreased by 5.7% and 22.3%,respectively;capillary moisture capacity decreased by 0.2% and 19.4%,min moisture capacity decreased by 2.7% and 15.9%.Among three land use patterns,both water storage capacity and water draught capacity of wetlands were better than that of cultivated land and salina land.Compared with that of wetland,the water storage capacity of cultivated land and salina land was decreased by 12.4% and 15.2%,and water draught capacity of wetland was decreased by 2.7% and 15.9%.[Conclusion] Taking reasonable steps to arrange the relationship between the forest land,farmland around the wetland,and the development of wetland areas is significant to the water conservation of Yellow River wetland conservation area,regulation of the hydrological cycle and the capacity of withstanding droughts and floods.更多还原