【摘要】 目的了解玉溪市1～10岁儿童白喉免疫状况,评价儿童免疫接种质量,以期为全面控制和消除白喉提供科学依据。方法采用容量比例概率抽样法对不同年龄段儿童进行麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、百白破、卡介苗、乙型肝炎5种疫苗接种率调查的同时,采集被调查儿童的血样用间接血凝法(IHA)检测白喉抗体。结果检测2006—2007年具有百白破三联制剂(DPT)免疫史的儿童1501人,白喉抗体阳性率89.14%,保护率79.75%,几何平均滴度(GMT)1∶35.19,抗毒素平均含量(ATC)0.132U/ml。不同地区白喉免疫抗体阳性率、保护率和GMT差异均有统计学意义(χ12=33.46、χ22=27.21、F=20.25,均P<0.05)。不同年龄组阳性率、保护率、GMT差异均有统计学意义(χ12=66.18、χ22=94.76、F=40.58,均P<0.05)。不同年度阳性率、保护率、GMT差异均有统计学意义(χ12=14.55、χ22=16.54、u=-3.29,均P<0.05)。不同居住形式阳性率、GMT差异有统计学意义(χ12=13.78、u=2.92,均P<0.05),但保护率无统计学意义(χ22=2.07,P>0.05)。男女之间阳性率、保护率、GMT均无统计学意义(χ12=0.14、χ22=0.59、u=0.22,均P>0.05)。结论玉溪市儿童DPT接种质量和血清抗体保护理想,能有效地预防和控制白喉的发生。提示加大对辖区内流动儿童管理力度,认真做好查验预防接种证工作,及时清除免疫空白人群是目前预防和控制白喉的工作重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To understand the immunization status of children aged 1~10 years in Yuxi City,to evaluate the immunization quality,and with a view to provide scientific evidence for full control and elimination of diphtheria.[Methods]Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling method was adopted to investigate the coverage rates of MV,OPV,DPT,BCG,HBV. Meanwhile,the blood samples of investigated children were detected for diphtheria antibody by 1HA.[Results]During 2006—2007,1501 children had the immunization history of DPT,the positive rate of antibodies against diphtheria was 89.14%,protection rate was 79.75%,GMT was 1:35.19,ATC was 0.132 U/ml. The positive rate,protection rate and GMT were significantly different between different areas (χ12=33.46,χ22=27.21,F=20.25,all P<0.05); those between different age groups were also significantly different (χ12=66.18,χ22=94.76、F=40.58,all P<0.05); between different years the differences were significant(χ12=14.55、χ22=16.54、u=-3.29,all P<0.05); the differences of positive rate,GMT were significant between different resident situation(χ12=13.78,u=2.92,all P<0.05),but the differences of positive rate,protection rate,GMT between genders were not significant (χ12=0.14、χ22=0.59,u=0.22,all P>0.05).[Conclusion]The quality of DPT vaccination and serum antibody protection is satisfactory among children in Yuxi City so that the diphtheria can be effectively prevented and controlled. It is suggested that the migrant children should be well managed,immunization campaign certificate should be checked seriously,and the key to prevention and control of diphtheria is to eliminate immunization gap immediately.更多还原