【摘要】 目的了解汽车制造业的主要职业危害因素,以及对劳动者健康的影响。方法依据相关法律法规,对合肥市某汽车制造集团下属的13个企业177个作业现场监测点进行现场职业卫生检测,对1895名一线员工和部分管理人员进行职业健康检查。结果作业现场环境噪声检测合格率仅为19.5%,劳动者听力损伤的总检出率高达16.7%;粉尘的检测合格率为84.4%,高千伏全胸片和肺功能检查的总阳性率分别为5.4%和8.8%;苯系物检测合格率为97.3%,苯作业工人血常规异常阳性检出率为8.9%。粉尘作业工人肺功能损伤发生率明显高于非粉尘作业工人的肺功能损伤发生率(0.9%),苯作业工人血常规异常检查率明显高于非苯作业工人的血常规异常检出率(3.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论噪声是该集团目前最主要的职业病危害因素,而粉尘和苯的职业危害也不能忽视。应加强监控和实施有效的防护措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To understand the main occupational hazards in an automobile manufacturing group,and their effect on the health of workers.[Methods]According to the relevant laws and regulations,field occupational health detection was performed on 177 monitoring points of 13 enterprises affiliated to an automobile manufacturing group in Hefei City.Occupational health check was performed on 1895 workers at production line and some managers.[Results]The qualified rate of on-site environmental noise was only 19.5%,the total detection rate of hearing impairment among workers was up to 16.7%;the qualified rate of dust detection was 84.4%,the total positive rate of high kV chest X-ray film and pulmonary function test was 5.4% and 8.8%,respectively;the qualified rate of benzene series was 97.3%,the positive detection rate of routine blood test abnormality among workers with benzene exposure was 8.9%.The incidence of lung injury of workers with dust exposure was significantly higher than that of workers without dust exposure (0.9%);the detection rate of routine blood abnormalities of workers exposed to benzene was significantly higher than that of workers without benzene exposure (3.7%),the differences were significantly(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The noise is the major occupational hazard in this group,while the occupational hazards of dust and benzene can not be ignored either.It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and implementation of effective protective measures.更多还原