【摘要】 【目的】研究钾营养对莲藕产量形成及氮磷钾养分积累与分配的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置不施钾(-K)和施钾(+K)处理进行全生育期试验。【结果】莲藕移栽76d后,+K处理叶片和叶柄干物质累积量明显高于-K处理,并均在97d膨大茎成型后逐渐降低;膨大茎干物质累积速率和累积量在早期为+K处理低于-K处理,97d后+K处理的干物质累积速率明显加快,其累积量于139d明显高于-K处理,160d不同处理膨大茎干物质累积量趋于稳定,+K处理为1204g/株,比-K处理高19.7%。在97—160d产量形成关键期,膨大茎中氮、磷和钾的累积量,+K处理比-K处理分别高32.8%、10.3%和74.2%,其中来自其它器官转移的氮、磷和钾,+K处理比-K处理分别高1.20、0.12和1.26g/株,来自根系直接从土壤中吸收转运的氮、磷和钾,前者比后者高2.16、0.04和5.70g/株。莲藕氮、磷、钾累积总量之比-K处理为1﹕0.14﹕0.90,+K处理为1﹕0.13﹕1.31。【结论】钾营养促进莲藕干物质生产和累积、促进根系对养分的吸收并提高莲藕各器官尤其是叶柄中钾的含量,在生育后期促进干物质和养分从叶片等器官转移并贮存到膨大茎中并最终增产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective In order to understand the effect of potassium nutrition on yield formation of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.),the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in lotus was investigated in the study.MethodThe study was carried out by a pot experiment supplied with two K levels (-K:0.0 and +K:0.45 g·kg-1) in a whole lotus growth duration.Result Results showed that dry matter accumulations (DMA) in both leaves and petioles were significantly higher in +K treatment than in-K treatment 76 d after transplanting,which began to decrease when the swollen stem was developed about 97 d.At the earlier stage of the swollen stem development,the DMA of the swollen stem in +K treatment was lower than that in-K treatment.However,it increased quickly begun from the 97th d after transplanting,and was significantly higher than that in-K treatment at the 139th d.DMA of the swollen stem for both K treatments turned to be stable after 160 d,indicating the maturity of the swollen stem.At that period,the DMA was 1 204 g?plant-1 in +K treatment,which was 19.7% higher than that at-K treatment.During the critical period of the yield formation (97 d-160 d),the accumulations of N,P and K in swollen stem was 32.8%,10.3% and 74.2% higher than that in-K treatment,respectively.Among the accumulated nutrients,the proportion of N,P and K transported from other organs to swollen stem in +K treatment was 1.20,0.12 and 1.26 g/plant higher than that in-K treatment,respectively,and the directly absorbed N,P and K from the soil by root system in +K treatment was 2.16,0.04 and 5.70 g/plant higher than that in-K treatment,respectively.The ratio of N,P and K accumulated in the swollen stem was 1﹕0.14﹕0.90 in-K treatment,and 1﹕0.13﹕ 1.31 in +K treatment.ConclusionApplication of potassium fertilizer could improve dry matter production and accumulation of lotus,uptake and translocation of N,P and K in swollen stems,which results finally in an increase in yield.更多还原