【摘要】 【目的】烟草普通花叶病毒病(TMV)是对烟叶产量和质量影响严重的一种病害。本研究为利用环保型植物源制剂防治烟草花叶病毒病提供理论依据。【方法】分别用水煎煮和乙醇浸提2种方法提取白花蛇舌草、莲叶和配伍多种植物的提取液。取等体积的植物提取液与烟草花叶病毒混合,观察TMV粒体形态及体外钝化效果,将提取液喷施感染TMV的烟叶上,观察烟草叶片超微结构的变化,并进行大田试验。【结果】正常的TMV粒体呈刚直、杆状,植物提取液与TMV等体积混合后,由于提取液的种类和作用时间不同,TMV粒子有不同程度的破坏、断裂或凝聚,感染TMV叶片细胞中存在大量杆状病毒粒子及其垛叠成的结晶体,叶绿体肿胀,外膜破裂,基粒片层紊乱、解体,细胞器消失,细胞空泡化。经植物提取液处理后,上述症状明显减轻。植物提取液对TMV的体外钝化效果分别为:白花蛇舌草50.77%—60.61%、莲叶73.39%—85.19%、制剂91.30%—92.13%,制剂比其它2种效果明显,大田试验验证制剂防治效果达71.02%—81.92%。【结论】植物提取液对TMV粒体有明显的破坏作用,因而能减轻TMV对烟草的危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a kind of plant disease,it affects the leaf tobacco output and quality.The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus with agents of plant origin.Method Active substances were extracted from Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb.and Nelumbo nucifera Garetn.and compounds with constitutes of many plants were prepared by water and ethanol.The plant extracts were mixed with equivalent TMV and the inactivation effects of plant extracts on TMV in vitro,and the plant extracts were sprayed on tobacco leaves with TMV for observing the changes of ultrastructure of tobacco leaves.Result The shape of TMV was rigid and rod-shaped,but the destruction and the break or condenses were different after mixing equivalent plant extracts as the difference in action time and the difference in plant extracts from different species of plants.There were many TMV particles and crystalls in cells of tobacco leaves with TMV,and the chloroplast was swell and the ectoplasm of chloroplast ruptured,and the grana lamella was disorderly and disassembled,the cell organ disappeard and the cell was vacuolated.The systemic symptoms were alleviated after treatment.The effects of plant extracts on the inactivation of TMV in vitro were significant:50.77%-60.61% (Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb.),73.39%-85.10% (Nelumbo mucifere Garetn.),and 91.30%-92.13% (compound preparation),respectively.In field the control and curative effects of the compound preparation on TMV were 71.02%-81.9%.Conclusion Plant extracts have obvious damage effects on TMV,so,it can reduce the harm of TMV to tobacco.更多还原