【摘要】 为了明确不同覆盖物对早稻秧田主要气象因子变化的影响及其与早稻秧苗素质的关系,选用3个早稻品种,连续3年分别在无纺布和塑膜覆盖下育秧,实测并记录田间光温湿等气象资料,测定早稻秧苗素质。结果表明,无纺布具有良好的保温性和通透性,覆盖后温度变化平缓,与塑膜覆盖下的相比,最高温低21.9℃,不会出现高温烧苗现象;空气相对湿度较塑膜下的平均低11.7%,最高的低25.7%;光照度日变化为大气>覆膜>无纺布,晴天时塑膜和无纺布覆盖下的光照占大气光照的平均比例分别为70%和63%;无纺布覆盖较塑膜覆盖的成苗率高,根系干重增加16.7%~38.8%,地上部分干重提高10.2%~21.1%,还有利于减少病害的发生。研究明确了无纺布覆盖育苗技术的相对技术优势,并围绕采用无纺布覆盖的优势及其应用中需要注意的问题展开了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field comparison experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different mulching materials as non-woven fabric and plastic film on the main meteological factors including temperature,light intensity and humidity,meanwhile,the relationship between rice seedling quality and the changes of main meteological factors under mulching was investigated.Three early rice varieties were selected and cultivated under non-woven fabric and plastic film for three years in order to measure the temperature,light intensity and humidity and determine the seedling quality as well.The results showed that the thermal insulation performance and permeability of non-woven fabric was good,so the temperature changed little under mulching.The highest temperature under non-woven fabric mulching was 21.9 ℃ lower than that under plastic film mulching,thus there was little seedling sunburn occurred under non-woven fabric mulching.The relative air humidity under non-woven fabric mulching was 11.7 % lower than that under plastic film on average,and the maximum value of relative air humidity was 25.7% lower.The changes of light intensity indicated as atmosphere>plastic film>non-woven fabric,and the light intensity in sunny days was 70% and 63% of atmospheric light under plastic film and non-woven fabric,respectively.Compared with the mulching of plastic film,the seedling rate was higher,and the root dry weight increased by 16.7%-38.8% and the dry weight of aerial parts increased by 10.2%-21.1%,furthermore,the occurrence of disease was quite lower under non-woven fabric mulching.The relative advantages of non-woven fabric mulching techniques were identified,and the problems needing attention in use of non-woven fabric mulching were also discussed.更多还原