【摘要】 目的了解我国血吸虫病流行地区农村人群粪便寄生虫虫卵的状况和卫生厕所的无害化效果。方法在中国目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川7个省,随机抽取流行县、村,每村采集30个农户厕所粪便样品。样品的采集、检测按照《粪便无害化卫生标准》(GB7959-87)规定的方法进行。结果 1 200份非卫生户厕贮粪池粪便样品和卫生厕所进粪口粪便样品,寄生虫虫卵平均数44.12个/100 ml(0~2 610个/100 ml),41.7%的样品检出寄生虫虫卵;活蛔虫卵平均数3.70个/100 ml(0~165个/100 ml),30.1%的样品检出活蛔虫卵。840份卫生厕所出粪口粪液样品,寄生虫虫卵平均数24.33个/100 ml(0~600个/100 ml),28.5%的样品检出寄生虫虫卵;活蛔虫卵平均数0.61个/100ml(0~86个/100ml)。379个无害化卫生厕所平均寄生虫虫卵沉降率为48.44%(-41.50%~100.00%),平均活蛔虫卵死亡率为84.43%(-19.71%~100.00%)。结论中国血吸虫病流行地区农村人群粪便中寄生虫虫卵数量较少、检出率低,卫生厕所能够有效控制和杀灭寄生虫虫卵。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To ascertain the status of parasitic ova in latrine night soil and effect of decontamination of sanitary latrines in areas of China where schistosomiasis is prevalent.Methods Counties and villages where schistosomiasis was prevalent were sampled randomly from a total of 7 provinces where schistosomiasis was prevalent,including Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,Jiangsu,Yunnan,and Sichuan.Thirty night soil samples were collected from household latrines in each village.The methods of sample collection and testing were based on the Sanitary Standards for Treatment of Night Soil(GB7959-87).Results There were 44.12 parasitic ova per 100 ml of night soil on average(0-2610 per 100 ml) in 1 200 night soil samples collected from both non-sanitary latrines and the openings of sanitary latrines.Parasitic ova were detected at a rate of 41.7%,and the number of living ova was 3.70 per 100 ml(0-165 per 100 ml) on average,for a detection rate of 30.1%.Among the other 840 samples collected from the outlets of sanitary latrines,the number of parasitic ova was 24.33 per 100 ml(0-600 per 100 ml) on average,for a detection rate of 28.5%.The number of living ova was 0.61 per 100 ml(0-86 per 100 ml) on average.The rate of sedimentation of parasitic ova was 48.44% on average among 379 sanitary latrines and the mortality rate of parasitic ova was 84.43% on average.Conclusion The low rate of parasitic ova detected in night soil of sanitary latrines proved that sanitizing latrines is effective at controlling and killing parasitic ova.更多还原