【摘要】 目的掌握巢湖地区血吸虫病潜在流行因素的动态变化,为安徽省血吸虫病潜在流行区提供预警信息。方法在巢湖东南侧的巢湖市居巢区设立固定监测点和流动监测点,调查当地居民、流动人口及家畜的血吸虫感染情况;在危险地带和可疑环境开展钉螺分布情况调查;在通江河道开展钉螺扩散情况调查;采用螺笼放养法,对钉螺在巢湖孳生繁殖的可能性进行观察。结果间接血凝试验(IHA)检测当地居民301人,未发现血吸虫抗体阳性者;检测渔船民等流动人口321人,阳性12人,阳性率3.74%。12例IHA阳性者Kato-Katz法粪检阳性8例。采用塑料杯顶管孵化法分别检测当地及从疫区购进的家畜31头和32头,均未发现阳性家畜。危险地带调查面积32.6万m2,可疑环境调查面积13.94万m2,均未发现钉螺;钉螺扩散情况调查未发现漂浮物携带钉螺,但发现有其他螺类附着在漂浮物上从流行区向巢湖扩散。螺笼放养试验表明,钉螺不但可以在巢湖生存,而且可以产卵繁殖。结论巢湖地区已发现输入性传染源;外源性钉螺向巢湖扩散输入的可能性较大。加强对输入性传染源的监测与管理,防止钉螺向巢湖扩散,是今后安徽省血吸虫病潜在流行区防控工作的重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To ascertain the dynamic changes in the factors for the potential incidence of schistosomiasis in the Chaohu Lake area in order to provide forecast information on schistosomiasis transmission in potential outbreak areas in Anhui Province.Methods Fixed and mobile surveillance sites were selected in potential outbreak areas of the Juchao District of the City of Chaohu,which is located on the southeast edge of Chaohu Lake,and the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection in local residents,migrants,and livestock was investigated.The distribution of Oncomelania snails was surveyed in at-risk areas and areas of suspected infection.The spread of Oncomelania snails was observed in rivers that directly connect to the Yangtze River.Oncomelania snails were raised in containers on the shores of Chaohu Lake and a control area,and their survival and reproductive capacity were observed.Results In total,301 local residents were screened by IHA,and none tested positive.Three hundred and twenty-one migrants,including fishermen and boatmen,were tested by the same method,and the positive rate of antibody detection was 3.74%(12/321).Twelve individuals tested positive for the antibody;results were examined by Kato-Katz technique,and 8 individuals tested positive.In total,31 heads of local livestock and 32 heads of livestock from outbreak areas were examined by miracidium hatching,and none tested positive.In the potential outbreak area,at-risk areas totaling 32.6 hm2 and areas of suspected infection totaling 13.94 hm2 were examined,but no Oncomelania snails were found.The pattern of snail spread was examined,and there were no Oncomelania snails adhering to floating debris,although other kinds of snails were found adhering to floating debris.A field study revealed that Oncomelania snails are surviving and reproducing in Chaohu Lake.Conclusion Sources of imported schistosomiasis infection have been found in the Lake Chaohu area,and imported Oncomelania snails are quite likely to spread into the area.Therefore,the main tasks of the potential outbreak areas in Anhui Province are to enhance the surveillance and control of sources of imported infection and prevent Oncomelania snails from spreading into the Chaohu Lake area.更多还原