【摘要】 目的:研究天南星科4种有毒中药的针晶是否为具有共性的毒性成分。方法:提取分离半夏、天南星、禹白附、虎掌南星的针晶,采用电镜扫描2万倍观察各针晶的晶体结构,采用X-衍射能谱分析各针晶的主要组成元素,采用红外光谱定性测定针晶成分的主要基团,采用急性毒性实验研究4种针晶和相应生品的急性毒性,以Bliss法计算各样品的LD50。结果:4种有毒中药的针晶均为细长尖锐针样晶型,直径小于1μm,晶体表面布满倒刺,中间有凹槽,以半夏属的半夏和虎掌南星针晶更为锋利和尖锐;4种针晶中主要含有Ca,C,O,N,S元素,红外光谱显示针晶中含有-COOH,-NH2基团;说明针晶不仅仅是由草酸钙组成;4种有毒中药的针晶可以产生严重的毒性反应,LD50分别为:半夏针晶14.78mg·kg-1,虎掌南星针晶14.11mg·kg-1,天南星针晶16.02mg·kg-1,禹白附针晶18.90mg·kg-1,而其相应生品的LD50从半夏到禹白附均在3300mg·kg-1以上,针晶的毒性是相应生品毒性的200倍。结论:半夏、天南星、禹白附及虎掌南星中所含有的针晶是4种有毒中药中具有共性的毒性成分。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To compare the crystal form with the toxicity intensitity of raphides in four poisonous herbs of Araceae family.Method: The four kinds of raphides were extracted and isolated from Pinellia ternate, P. pedatisecta, Arisaema amurense and Typhonium giganteum. These raphides were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elements were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Infrared spectrum was used for detecting the functional groups.Toxic intensities of the four kinds of raphides were detected by mice acute toxicity experiment, and the value of LD50 were from caculated by Bliss rule.Result: The raphides in the four plants have the similar crystal form. Observation with SEM showed a pointed and blunt end, and a long groove and barbs on a raphide. The raphides in P. ternate and P. pedatisecta were sharper than that in other two, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction, photoelectric spectra showed that the major component of raphides was calcium oxalate monohydrate, and also showed the elements of N and S existing.Infrared spectra showed the raphides contained functional groups of -COOH and -NH2.These results illustrated that the calcium oxalate monohydrate was not the only component of the raphide.The raphides could produce severe toxic reactions.LD50 values of P.ternate, P.pedatisecta,A.amurense and T.giganteum were 14.78, 14.11, 16.02 and 18.90 mg·kg-1 (ip),respectively. The corresponding LD50 values of crude drugs were all above 3 000 mg·kg-1 (ip).The toxicity of raphides was 200 times of crude drugs’.Conclusion: The raphides in P. ternate and P. pedatisecta, A.amurense and T.giganteum were their common poisonous factor.更多还原