【摘要】 2000-2007年在长江流域多个试验基地连续开展定点试验和调查,研究了运行费、人工投入、种植单元和收益等随油菜栽培模式的不同而变化的情况,并应用计量经济学原理,对不同地区和年份间油菜栽培方式的投入和产出差异进行了研究。结果显示:翻耕移栽、免耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕直播等栽培方式在运行费、人工费、单产水平以及净收益等方面均存在显著差异;我国油菜栽培方式与世界主要油菜生产国相比较,存在着劳动力投入过多、种植单元小,机械化程度低等问题,阻碍了我国油菜生产效益的提升。据此研究提出推广省工、省力、可操作性强的直播高产栽培技术,并适度发展机械化农机农艺,鼓励土地流转或季节性承包,扩大油菜连片种植规模,是新时期我国油菜栽培科技发展的主导方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultivation manner,operation cost,labor force,planting unit of rapeseed production were investigated along the Yangtze River area during 2000 to 2007 in high quality demonstrable experiment sites. Input and output in different areas and years were also studied with adopted technical economics theories. Results showed that there were significant differences in operating cost,labor force,yield level and net income among 4 planting modes which included transplanting on zero tillage field,transplanting on tillage field,direct seeding on zero tillage field and direct seeding on tillage field. Moreover,compared to other countries,the main reasons resulted in low input/output ratio in China were small planting unit,high labor force cost and lower yield. It was suggested that rapeseed production mode could be more efficient by adopting direct sowing,machine sowing and harvesting,and expand the farm scale through seasonal land contract.更多还原