【摘要】 古城址是研究历史时期区域人类活动及环境变化过程的良好时空坐标。毛乌素沙地中的大多数古城池都建在当时的绿洲之中,对其现状近水条件和分布格局等的研究发现,秦汉以来毛乌素沙地的地表水环境整体呈恶化趋势,主要表现为湖沼湿地的萎缩和消失、外流河下切加剧但水量减小、部分常年河变成时令河、泉眼消失等等,但同时也存在着局部水环境的改善现象,突出表现为红碱淖等湖沼在清末民初的出现和扩大。究其原因,毛乌素沙地历史时期地表水环境的变化,总体上与气候变化过程一致,但清末以来人类开发活动的加剧对地表水环境变化也有重要影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous studies have shown that ruins of ancient city are ideal objects in reflecting intensity of human activities,population fluctuation and environmental change in historical times.Most of ancient cities in Mu Us Desert were built for military,politics and migration.Therefore,location of these cities was limited by water supply,geomorphology,land capacity and so on.It explained the distribution model of these cities.Through investigation into these ruins,we noticed that surface water in Mu Us Desert showed a trend of desiccation in historical times,which would contribute to the understanding of the abandonment of ancient cities.A great many of lakes were totally desiccated,and some shrank;nearly all rivers’ flux decreased;some springs disappeared,and so on.However,it was noted that some new lakes appeared and thus local environment rehabilitated with the impact of lake level at the same time.For example,the appearance of Hongjian Nur in 1928 improved surface water environment of Zhongji.To sum up,the surface water environment change during the past two millennia is highly related to climate changes.Water environment started to be affected severely by human since the end of Qing Dynasty,with a increase of intensity of human activities.更多还原