【摘要】 建立保护区是应对生物多样性锐减的主要措施,然而保护区内部及其周边社区则受到保护区管理工作不同程度的影响。针对这个问题,本文以海南铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区为例,主要采用发放问卷的方式,调查了与该保护区相邻的9个自然村内的172位当地农民。结果表明,54.8%的被调查者认为保护区对其家庭和生活的正面影响大于负面影响,正面影响主要包括增加就业机会、发展旅游业提高收入和保护生态环境,而负面影响主要包括限制资源的利用、忽视其生存利益和野生动物的严重破坏。因此,建议保护区的社区管理工作应加强以下几方面:将旅游收益按照贡献量合理分配给当地社区,为当地社区开发新的替代性经济来源,加强对周边社区在管理政策、具体措施、生态服务功能等方面的环保教育,建立社区共管制度,最终实现生物多样性保护和当地社区经济的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Establishment of protected areas is generally believed to be the main strategy to counteract the steep reduction of worldwide biodiversity.However,local communities within and adjacent to the areas are often effected by the management.Using Tongguling Nature Reserve(TNR) in Hainan Province as an example,we tended to figure out the positive and negative impacts of TNR upon the adjacent community.In September 2007,we surveyed 172 local farmers in nine neighboring villages.Data were obtained through questionnaires,including both fixedresponse and open-ended questions.The results showed that over half of the respondents(54.8%) believed that the positive influences of TNR on the local communities were more than the negative ones.And increasing employment opportunities,improving locals’ income by developing tourism,and conserving biological environment were the dominating positive impacts.However,resource-use limits,ignorance of local benefits,and serious destruction of wild animals were the primary negative impacts.Furthermore,our surveys suggested that the following aspects should be emphasized in the future community management of nature reserves: distribute tourism benefits to local community reasonably according to their contribution,develop new alternative sources for the community economy,educate the community with management policies,implementing strategies,and ecosystem services,and establish co-management mechanism to achieve the sustainable development of biodiversity conservation and local community economy.更多还原