【摘要】 随着我国经济建设水平和综合国力的提高,近20年来人居环境的改善有目共睹。但与此同时能源消耗和温室气体排放增加是个不容回避的问题。本文选择城市人均住宅建筑面积、人均拥有道路面积、人均公园绿地面积三个指标反映我国城市人居环境质量,研究了我国城市人居环境改善和能源消费之间的变化关系。通过与发达国家的对比,发现我国人居环境建设并没有像发达国家那样带来人均生活能源消费的同幅增长,而是出现了"喇叭口"现象,两个指标之间最大相差2.4倍,但也存在一个适度的节能居住条件,中国目前已经偏离了这个最优点并处于耗能的上升期。德国与我国类似,在户均住房面积和人均能源消费量之间也存在一种类似U型曲线关系,但上升阶段明显比我国更陡。虽然与德国、日本、美国相比我国在人均能源消费上最少,但从总量和长期趋势来看,中国仍面临着重重挑战,必须通过使用节能技术和新能源来降低能耗、减少二氧化碳排放,营造节能又宜居的城市人居环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent 20 years the improvement of urban human habitats has been prominent in China along with economic development and national power development.Meanwhile energy consumption and green house gas emission inevitably increased.Three indicators,urban residential floor area of building per capita,per capita area of paved roads in cities,and per capita green land area of park in cities,were selected to represent the quality of urban human habitats,and to study the change relation between Chinese urban human habitats and energy consumption.Unlike some developed countries there is no synchronous increase in life energy consumption per capita in China when Chinese urban human habitats are improved,and there is a large gap between human habitats improvement and energy consumption. However the article found that Chinese urban habitats are now occupying more area and exceeds the suitable living space where less energy is consumed.Similar to China,Germany found a "U" shape curve between household floor space and energy consumption per capita.Different from China,the climbing part on this "U" shape curve in Germany is steeper than that in China.Although the energy consumption per capita in China is much less than that in Germany,Japan and USA,China is facing more and more challenges in terms of total amount and the long term trend of energy consumption.More energy saving technology and new energy must be applied to save more energy and reduce the CO2 emission,and at the same time more comfortable and less energy consumed urban human habitats must be built.更多还原