【摘要】 回顾了计量科学在日常生活和科学研究方面的重要性,指出以实物计量基准建立的计量单位制存在的问题.分析了以基本物理常数(真空光速值c0,元电荷e,普朗克常数h,波尔兹曼常数kB和阿伏加德罗常数NA)和原子的物理特性(约瑟夫森效应和量子霍尔效应)进行计量基本单位量子化研究的重要性和紧迫性.介绍了长度、质量、电学量、温度和时间等计量基本单位量子化研究的新趋势.简单介绍了欧盟计量科学研究计划新动向.更多还原

【Abstract】 The importance of metrology in daily life and scientific research was reviewed,and the problems of the metrology unit system based on classical physics were pointed out.The importance and urgency to establish a quantum metrology unit system on basic physical constants(the vacuum speed of light c0,per charge e,Planck constant h,Boltzmann constant kB and Avogadro constant NA) and the atomic physical properties(the Josephson effect and quantum Hall effect) were analyzed.The new trends of quantum research of the basic units of length,mass,electrical capacity,temperature and time as well as the new scientific research plan of EU metrology are introduced.更多还原